【正文】
(五)、 食品中常見的微生物 Common foodborne microanisms in foods 假單胞菌屬: 革蘭氏陰性、 極生鞭毛、可運(yùn)動 、不生芽孢、 桿狀,新鮮食品中的優(yōu)勢菌,常存在于土壤和水中,廣泛分布在食品中。另外,許多菌株是嗜冷菌,是導(dǎo)致新鮮冷凍食品腐敗的重要細(xì)菌。有時(shí)腐敗能產(chǎn)生水溶性藍(lán)綠色素。 Pseudomonas: These gramnegative rods constitute the largest genus of bacteria that exist in fresh foods. They are typical of soil and water bacteria and are widely distributed among foods .They are , by far, the most important group of bacteria that bring about the spoilage of refrigerated fresh foods since many species and strains are are notable by their production of watersoluble , bluegreen pigments. 產(chǎn)堿桿菌屬 : 革蘭氏陰性棒狀桿菌,但菌體著色時(shí)有時(shí)也顯現(xiàn)革蘭氏陽性反應(yīng), 周身鞭毛,無芽孢,嚴(yán)格好氣,化能有機(jī)營養(yǎng)型,大多營養(yǎng)簡單 。不能發(fā)酵糖類,但能產(chǎn)堿(特別是在石芯乳中)。不產(chǎn)色素,分布在各種腐爛物質(zhì)中,并大量存在于原乳、食用家禽制品以及排泄物中。 Alcaligenes:Although gram negative,these anisms sometimes stain gram are rods that do not ,as the generic name suggested,N ferment sugars but instead produce alkaline reactions especially in litmus milk. Nonpigmented,they are widely distributed in nature in deposing matter of all types. Raw milk,poultry product,and fecal matter are mon source. 沙雷氏菌屬 :革蘭氏陰性、桿狀 、 好氧,能分解蛋白質(zhì),有時(shí)能產(chǎn)生紅色素,而不產(chǎn)色素的菌株則比較少見。液化沙雷氏菌是與食物中毒相關(guān)的最常見的菌株,能夠引起冷凍蔬菜以及肉類制品的腐敗 。 Serratia: These gramnegative rods belong to the family Enerobacteriaceae are aerobic and proteolytic, and they generally produce red pigments on culture media and in certain foods , although nonpigmented strains are not unmon. is the most prevalent of the foodborn species。 it causes the spoilage of refrigerated vegetable and meats products. 弧菌屬 : 革蘭氏 陰性 ,直形或彎曲形桿菌,極生鞭毛 , 兼厭氣性,通常需要一定濃度的鹽,可污染咸魚咸肉, 有幾株菌株能夠引起人體腸胃疾病或其他疾病。 Vibrio: They are gramnegative straight or curved rods 。 Several species cause gastroenteritis and other human illness. 志賀氏菌屬 : 桿狀、不運(yùn)動、無芽孢、無莢膜 、 革蘭氏陰性,不能利用檸檬酸鹽,能產(chǎn)酸但不產(chǎn)氣。 該屬所有菌株都可存在于人體腸道中。 Shigella: All members of this genus are presumed to be enteropathogens. 氣單胞菌屬 :典型的水生革蘭氏陰性棒狀桿菌, 極生鞭毛,兼厭氣性 。能發(fā)酵糖類產(chǎn)生大量氣體。通常出現(xiàn)在魚體中。 Aeromonas: These are typically aquatic gramnegative rods .As the generic name suggest, they produce copious quantities of gas from those sugar fermented. 彎曲桿菌屬: 革蘭氏陰性,彎曲成螺旋桿狀,曾歸入弧菌屬,厭氧或微好氧 。 Campylobacter: These gram negative, spirally curved rods were formerly classified as vibrios. They are microaerophilic to anaerobic. ? 空腸彎曲桿菌 ( Campylobacter) ? 空腸彎曲桿菌是近年來引起食物中毒最常見的微生物 ,廣泛存在與生肉 、 生奶和生水中 。 患腹瀉病的寵物也是空腸彎曲桿菌感染的來源 ? 少量的空腸彎曲桿菌可能導(dǎo)致疾病 , 交叉污染也會致病 。 食物烹飪過程和牛奶的消毒就能殺滅空腸彎曲桿菌 ? 空腸彎曲桿菌食物中毒的癥狀包括發(fā)熱 、 頭痛和感覺不適 , 緊接著是劇烈腹痛和