【正文】 1 電子商務(wù)法課程 法律卷 2 ? 一、概要； ? 二、形式要求對在線合同的障礙及其消除 ? 三、自動形成的合同是否有效 ? 四、在線合同什么時(shí)候成立 ―― 投郵主義還是到達(dá)主義？ ? 五、在線合同在哪里成立 ―― 還是有意義的問題嗎？ ? 六、在線合同的內(nèi)容 ―― 如何確定？ ? 七、在線合同中對消費(fèi)者的幾種保護(hù)措施 3 一、何為電子商務(wù) ? 《 廣東省電子交易管理?xiàng)l例 》 （初稿） ? 第 3條（ 1）電子商務(wù)：“指通過電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的產(chǎn)品及服務(wù)的貿(mào)易活動的過程，主要包括信息搜尋、訂貨與支付以及運(yùn)輸三個(gè)階段?！? 4 ? 第 3條（ 2）“電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)”是指基于電子通信系統(tǒng)形成的信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)，包括電話系統(tǒng)、傳真系統(tǒng)、電視系統(tǒng)、電子支付及貨幣流通系統(tǒng)、電子數(shù)據(jù)交換（ EDI）和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。 ? 第 3條（ 4）“電子記錄”指儲存或者以其他形式固定在電子化媒介上的可感知的信息。 5 聯(lián)合國電子商務(wù)模范法 ? UNCITRAL MODEL LAW ON ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ? GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 51/162 OF 16 DECEMBER 1996 ? （ United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) 6 ? Article 1. Sphere of application* ? This Law applies to any kind of information in the form of a data message used in the context of mercial activities. 7 ? The term mercial should be given a wide interpretation so as to cover matters arising from all relationships of a mercial nature, whether contractual or not. Relationships of a mercial nature include, but are not limited to, the following transactions: any trade transaction for the supply or exchange of goods or services。 distribution agreement。 mercial representation or agency。 factoring。 leasing。 construction of works。 consulting。 engineering。 licensing。 investment。 financing。 banking。 insurance。 exploitation agreement or concession。 joint venture and other forms of industrial or business cooperation。 carriage of goods or passengers by air, sea, rail or road 8 ? Data message means information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic, optical or similar means including, but not limited to, electronic data interchange (EDI), electronic mail, telegram, telex or telecopy。 9 歐盟電子商務(wù)指令 39。Directive on electronic merce39。 ? (18) Information society services span a wide range of economic activities which take place online。 these activities can, in particular, consist of selling goods online。 activities such as the delivery of goods as such or the provision of services offline are not covered。 information society services are not solely restricted to services giving rise to online contracting but also, in so far as they represent an economic activity, extend to services which are not remunerated by those who receive them, such as those offering online information or mercial munications, or those providing tools allowing for search, access and retrieval of data。 10 ? information society services also include services consisting of the transmission of information via a munication work, in providing access to a munication work or in hosting information provided by a recipient of the service。 television broadcasting within the meaning of Directive EEC/89/552 and radio broadcasting are not information society services because they are not provided at individual request。 by contrast, services which are transmitted point to point, such as videoondemand or the provision of mercial munications by electronic mail are information society services。 11 ? the use of electronic mail or equivalent individual munications for instance by natural persons acting outside their trade, business or profession including their use for the conclusion of contracts between such persons is not an information society service。 the contractual relationship between an employee and his employer is not an information society service。 activities which by their very nature cannot be carried out at a distance and by electronic means, such as the statutory auditing of pany accounts or medical advice requiring the physical examination of a patient are not information society services. 12 ? 何謂“ 在線合同 ”（ online contract） ? “ 電子合同 ”（ electronic contract）、 ? “ 遠(yuǎn)距離合同 ”（ distance contract） ? 在這里認(rèn)為在線合同主要是指合同方利用Inter或者這種相類似的開放的網(wǎng)絡(luò) ，為了買賣貨物或者提供服務(wù)而訂立的合同。 Inter這種自由、開放和沒有統(tǒng)一管理人的特點(diǎn)使得在線合同不同于其他的電子合同或者遠(yuǎn)距離合同。 13 ―電子合同 ” （ electronic contract） ? 《 廣東省電子交易管理?xiàng)l例 》 （初稿）20xx/9/17中第 3條（ 10）表明：“指全部或者部分以電子記錄的形式生成的合同?！? 14 遠(yuǎn)距離合同 （ distance contracts ） ? 歐盟 《 遠(yuǎn)距離合同指令 》 ? Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 1997 on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts 15 ? 39。distance contract` means any contract concerning goods or services concluded between a supplier and a consumer under an anized distance sales or serviceprovision scheme run by the supplier, who, for the purpose of the contract, makes exclusive use of one or more means of distance munication up to and including the moment at which the contract is concluded。 16 ―在線合同” （ online contract） ? 主要是指通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)施而成立的合同。意義比較狹窄。 17 在線合同可以有兩種方式 ? 第一種是利用 電子郵件 訂立的合同。電子郵件可以與普通郵件有相同的功能，締約方可以通過電子郵件進(jìn)行多次的交流和討價(jià)還價(jià)，這與電話，傳真等工具沒有什么本質(zhì)的區(qū)別。 18 ? 第二種合同是所謂的“ 點(diǎn)擊成交合同 ” (clickwrap contract)。這種合同是通過 Inter在服務(wù)者和用戶之間形成的。 ? 詞義來源于 shrinkwrap contract 19 二、形式要件的要求對在線合同的障礙及其消除 ? 在線合同的法律效力首先遇到的障礙便是各國傳統(tǒng)的合同法對合同的形式上的要求。 ? 通過電子形式簽訂的合同是否滿足“書面形式”的要求？ 20 The Guide to the Enact