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病 理 學( Pathology) 病理學教研室 李 學 農(nóng) (Prof. MD, PhD) 歡迎訪問病理學國家精品課程網(wǎng)站 (校園網(wǎng) )! What is Pathology? 病理學是研究疾病的病因(etiology)、 發(fā)病機制(pathogenesis)、 病理改變(pathological changes)轉(zhuǎn)歸(consequences)的一門醫(yī)學基礎主干學科。 Pathology may be defined as scientific study of the causes, pathogenesis, pathologic changes, development and outes of diseases. What 39。s meaning of the learning? The foundation of medical science and practice b. 臨床疾病診斷的金標準 Golden standards for clinic diagnoses 第 一 章 細胞和組織的損傷與修復 Cellular Adaptation amp。 Injury Adaptive Responses ?Cells ?Stimuli ?Adaptation ?Injury 適應( adaptation): 細胞和組織能耐受內(nèi)外環(huán)境有害因子的刺激而得以存活,并調(diào)整其代謝、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)的過程,是對刺激因子的非損傷性應答反應。 Adaptationcapability of adjusting cellular structure and functions in response to various physiological and pathological conditions. 損傷( injury):細胞和組織不能耐受有害因子刺激時引起細胞和組織結(jié)構(gòu)、功能的損害 ,表現(xiàn)為結(jié)構(gòu)或代謝的異常改變。 injury undergoing certain changes failing to adapt to response to various pathological conditions. 適 應 Cellular adaptation 1. 萎縮 (atrophy) 萎縮 (atrophy): 己發(fā)育正常 的 實質(zhì)細胞、組織或器官的 體積縮小 ,可伴有細胞數(shù)量的減少 , 代謝、功能下降。 ?發(fā)育不全 (hypoplasia) ?假性肥大 (pseudohypertrophy) Atrophy decrease in the size or number of cells which results in shrinkage of the ans . 缺血性萎縮 (ischemic atrophy) ?Due to lack of blood supply ?Brain atrophy 腦回變窄 腦溝變寬 壓迫性萎縮