環(huán)境經濟核算體系－聯(lián)合國的建議及亞洲國家的實踐(已修改)
2024-10-28 14:32 本頁面
【正文】 1 SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING – UN RECOMMENDATIONS AND ENDEAVOURS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES 環(huán)境經濟核算體系－聯(lián)合國的建議及亞洲國家的實踐 . Kulshreshtha UN Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific(SIAP) 聯(lián)合國亞太統(tǒng)計研究所 2 Premises for development of SEEA 建立 SEEA的前提條件 ? Sustainable development and the SEEA ? Three pillar approach to sustainable development Economic, Social, and Environmental needs ? Natural capital and sustainable development Three kind of functions that Natural capital (natural resource stocks, land and ecosystems) provides are: ? Resource functions: mineral deposits, deep forest timber, deep sea fish ? Sink functions: absorb waste products in air,water, sea, landfill sites ? Service functions: habitat for living beings..air, water, survival and amenity functions 3 Premises for development of SEEA 建立 SEEA的前提條件 ? Weak sustainability: seeks to maintain from year to year the per capita ine generated from total capital stock ? Strong sustainability: requires that all forms of capital be maintained intact independent of one another ? Caution for Strong sustainability: ? Renewable resources should not be used in excess of their natural regeneration ? Non renewable resources should be used prudently, with care for its availability to future generations ? Sink functions should not be used beyond their assimilative capacities, ? Activities which cause deterioration in service functions should be avoided or at least minimised 4 Objectives and structure of the SEEA SEEA的目標和結構 ? Conventional system of national accounts (SNA) addresses role of environment in economic performance in part only ? System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) supplements the SNA by Identifying expenditures related to environmental issues, and Incorporating Environmental Assets amp。 changes therein in the Supply Use and Asset Accounts of the SNA 5 Objectives and structure of the SEEA(contd.) SEEA的目標和結構 ? In the SNA , overlap of flows and Stocks prises of ‘capital formation’ and ‘consumption of fixed capital’ ? SEEA incorporates Environmental concerns by (i)Segregating environment related flows amp。 stocks, and (ii)Including environmental assets and changes therein, 6 Objectives and structure of the SEEA(contd.) SEEA的目標和結構 ? Further SEEA also takes care of environmental concerns by Introducing impacts (environmental cost) on natural (economic and environmental) assets, caused by production consumption activities of industries, households, and government 7 SEEA: Flow and Stock Accounts with Environmental Assets SEEA：環(huán)境資產的流量和存量核算 8 Economic and Environmental assets: definition /classification 經濟和環(huán)境資產：定義 /分類 ? Distinction between ‘Economic’ and ‘Environmental’ natural assets is the heart of environmental accounting ? Economic assets supply the economy with natural resources or raw materials for use in production and consumption processes. As per 1993 SNA, the economic assets include all those natural assets (a) over which ownership rights are enforced by institutional units, individually or collectively, and (b) from which economic benefits may be derived. 9 Economic and Environmental assets: definition /classification(Contd.) 經濟和環(huán)境資產：定義 /分類 ? Natural assets can be produced (agricultural crops), or non produced (land, mineral deposits, fish in lakes or the ocean). ? Environmental Assets are all those nonproduced, noneconomic natural assets that function as providers n
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