【正文】 2021 屆畢業(yè)生 畢業(yè)論文 題 目 : 分布式光纖溫度測(cè)量系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù) 實(shí)現(xiàn) 院系名稱： 信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 教師職稱： 2021 年 5 月 15 日 摘 要 分布式光纖傳感技術(shù)是利用光纖的相關(guān)物理特性對(duì)被測(cè)量場(chǎng)的空間和時(shí)間行為進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)的技術(shù)。光纖傳感器作為一種測(cè)量新技術(shù)，利用光波導(dǎo)原理，具有損耗低、頻帶寬、線徑細(xì)、重量輕、可撓性好、抗電磁干擾、耐化學(xué)腐蝕、原料豐富、制造過(guò)程能耗少、節(jié)約大量有色金屬等突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)，近年來(lái)逐漸擴(kuò)大應(yīng)用范圍和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。在光電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和微電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展帶動(dòng)下，分布式光纖傳感技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展，從理論研究走向產(chǎn)品化，解決了很多 使用傳統(tǒng)傳感器難以解決的問(wèn)題，也是傳感領(lǐng)域研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。分布式光纖溫度傳感器的光纖即是傳輸介質(zhì)，又是傳感介質(zhì)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)沿光纖連續(xù)分布的溫度場(chǎng)的分布式測(cè)量，測(cè)試用光纖的跨距可達(dá)幾十千米，空間分辨率高，誤差小，與單點(diǎn)或多點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)分布測(cè)量相比具有較高的性能價(jià)格比，以其獨(dú)特的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、國(guó)防、航空航天、交通運(yùn)輸和日常生活等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。 本論文對(duì)基于拉曼散射的分布式光纖溫度傳感及其數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)而深入的研究，通過(guò)對(duì)長(zhǎng)距離皮帶傳輸線工作特性進(jìn)行分析及試驗(yàn)，設(shè)計(jì)分布式光纖溫度傳感系統(tǒng)并應(yīng)用于長(zhǎng)距離皮帶傳輸線 的實(shí)際溫度檢測(cè)和火災(zāi)報(bào)警中。 由于測(cè)量的反斯托克斯信號(hào)和斯托克斯信號(hào)非常微弱，完全淹沒(méi)在噪聲中。需要采用微弱信號(hào)處理技術(shù)。而且數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)的性能對(duì)測(cè)量指標(biāo)有重要的影響，在整個(gè)分布式光纖溫度傳感系統(tǒng)中具有重要地位，是系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中的重要一環(huán)。通過(guò)對(duì)各種新的信號(hào)處理技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究，提出了一種基于高精度 AD/轉(zhuǎn)換器完成的信號(hào)處理方案。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 分布式光纖 溫度傳感 光時(shí) 域反射 拉曼散射 微弱信號(hào)處理 II Title Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Measurement System Data Processing Technology Abstract The distributed fiber temperature detection technology employed the physics characteristics to obtain the realtime spatialtemporal information of the detected field. Fiber sensor, As a new technology, based on the waveguide theory, has the advantages such as low dissipation, broad bandwidth, fine fiber line, low weight, easy coil, resistant to electromagism disturbance and the chemical erosion etc. With the rapid technique progress of photoelectron, puter and microelectronics, the fiber detecting technology is progressing rapidly and being broaden more and more applications in engineering. The fiber detection technology has solved many cases that were difficult with conventional measuring technique and became a research hotspot in detection technique field. In the sensing system, the fiber is not only the laser propagating medium but also the measuring signal carrier. The fiber temperature sensing system can detect the temperature vibration along the fiber which can be several kilometers or even long, and the system can reach high spatial resolution and small measurement error. Comparing with the point measuring method in the large space, the fiber measuring system can be used in industry, national defense, aeronautics and astronautics, traffic and living field with high performance. The dissertation researched the distributed fiber detection system with Raman scatting and the Data processing in detail, and the system was applied in long transmission line for temperature measure and fire alarm. Due to the measurement signals of antistokes and stokes are very weak, the weak signal processing technique is very important in a system and studied at length. Some new signal III processing methods are analyzed and one practical method is given based on high resolution A/D converter. Keywords： distributed measurement fiber temperature sensor OT DR Raman scatting signal processing IV 目次 摘 要 .............................................................................................................................. I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒論 ..................................................................................................................1 研究意義 ..................................................................................................................2 國(guó)內(nèi) 外研究現(xiàn)狀分析 ..............................................................................................3 論文內(nèi)容 .................................................................................................................4 第 2 章 分布式光纖溫度測(cè)量系統(tǒng) ..............................................................................5 分布式光纖傳感器系統(tǒng)介紹 ..................................................................................5 分布式光纖溫度測(cè)量 ..............................................................................................9 系統(tǒng)組成及技術(shù)指標(biāo) ............................................................................................10 分布式光纖傳感器器件分析 ...............................................................................11 第 3 章分布式光纖溫度傳感數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù) ..............................................................14 分布式光纖傳感系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)信號(hào)分析 ................................................................14 常用數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)分析 .......................................................................................15 信號(hào)處理分析 ........................................................................................................17 第 4 章 基于分布式光纖溫度測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)的小波分解的檢測(cè)方法 ............27 小波去噪原理 .......................................................................................................27 小波去噪步驟 .......................................................................................................29 閾值的選取與量化 ................................................................................................29 小波消噪的 MATLAB 實(shí)現(xiàn) ................................................................................31 小波去噪的 MATLAB 仿真對(duì)比試驗(yàn) ...............................................................33 結(jié)果分析 ................................................................................................................35 結(jié) 論 ..........................................................................................................................37 致 謝 ..........................................................................................................................38 參考文獻(xiàn) ..............