【正文】 鄭 重 聲 明 本人呈交的學(xué)位論文，是在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下，獨立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的成果，所有數(shù)據(jù)、圖片資料真實可靠。盡我所知，除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本學(xué)位論文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作權(quán)的內(nèi)容。對本論文所涉及的研究工作做出貢獻(xiàn)的其他個人和集體，均已在文中以明確的方式標(biāo)明。本學(xué)位論文的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬于培養(yǎng)單位。 本人簽名： 日期： i 摘 要 油田在開采過程中，原油和天然氣從井口采出經(jīng)分離、計量，集中輸送到處理廠，含 有少量的 CO2和 H2S 的天然氣也有直接進(jìn)入輸氣干線的情況。在集輸過程中管線設(shè)備受到濕天然氣的電化學(xué)腐蝕和外壁土壤腐蝕，大氣腐蝕，其中最危險的是 H2S 腐蝕，其次是 CO2腐蝕，含 CO2和 H2S 集氣系統(tǒng)的腐蝕問題 ,已經(jīng)影響天然氣的正常輸送 ,極大地影響天然氣的輸送效益。因此 ,急需研究解決措施 ,使現(xiàn)有含 CO2和 H2S 的天然氣正常輸送 ,也為以后油田集氣系統(tǒng)儲備技術(shù)。本文從油田集氣系統(tǒng)的腐蝕現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)，深入研究了腐蝕產(chǎn)生的原因以及腐蝕特性，并提出了一系列切實可行的防腐蝕措施，針對集氣管道外部由大氣、土壤引起的腐蝕，提出了材 料的選擇、表面保護(hù)等具體的防腐措施。對油田集氣系統(tǒng)中最主要的由CO2 和 H2S 造成的管道內(nèi)部腐蝕，也提出了涂層保護(hù)、添加緩蝕劑等具體的防護(hù)措施，對今后油田防腐蝕工作具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。 關(guān)鍵字： 天然氣；輸氣干線；油田集氣系統(tǒng)；防腐蝕措施 ii ABSTRACT In the process of mining the oil field, crude oil and natural gas was exploited from the well。 then, through separation and metering, they were transmitted to treatment plant. Part of the natural gas which containing a small amount of CO2 and H2S gas also have directly entered to gastransmission trunk line. In the process of gathering, the pipeline equipment was corroded by the electrochemical corrosion of wet gas, the outer wall soil corrosion and atmospheric corrosion. The most dangerous one is H2S corrosion, followed by CO2 corrosion. The corrosion of the gathering equipment which containing CO2 and H2S has greatly affected the transmission and the output benefit of natural gas. Therefore, some measures should be put forward urgently to ensure the normal transmission of the existing gas and also reserve technology for the development of oil field gas collecting system. Starting from the present situation of corrosion of oilfield gathering system, this paper aims to study the roots and features of corrosion and put forward a series of practical anticorrosion measurement. As for external corrosion of gas collecting pipeline, which was caused by the atmosphere and the soil, some anticorrosion measures such as material selection and surface protection are put forward. For the internal corrosion of gas collecting pipeline, which was caused by CO2 and H2S, also some specific protective measures such as coating protection and adding preservatives are put forward, which will be of great significance for the development of anticorrosion of oil gathering system . Key words: natural gas； natural gas transmission pipeline； oilfield gathering system； corrosion protection measures 1 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 油田集氣系統(tǒng)腐蝕危害與防護(hù)現(xiàn)狀 .............................. 1 腐蝕危害 ............................................... 1 防護(hù)現(xiàn)狀 ............................................... 1 第 2 章 油田集氣系統(tǒng)的腐蝕特性 油田集氣系統(tǒng)的外部腐蝕特性 ................................... 3 大氣腐蝕特性 ........................................... 3 土壤腐蝕特性 ........................................... 3 油田集氣 系統(tǒng)內(nèi)腐蝕特性 ....................................... 4 硫化氫腐蝕特性 ......................................... 4 二氧化碳腐蝕特性 ....................................... 5 第 3 章 油田集氣系統(tǒng)的腐蝕特性 大氣腐蝕的影響因素及防護(hù)措施 ................................. 6 大氣腐蝕的影響因素 ..................................... 6 大氣腐蝕的防腐設(shè)計 ..................................... 7 土壤腐蝕的影響因素及防腐設(shè)計 ................................. 8 土壤腐蝕的影響因素 ..................................... 9 土壤腐蝕的防腐設(shè)計 ..................................... 9 其他外腐蝕仿佛設(shè)計 .......................................... 10 第 4 章 油田集氣系統(tǒng)內(nèi)腐蝕的防護(hù)措施 硫化氫腐蝕的影響因素及防腐設(shè)計 .............................. 12 硫化氫腐蝕的影響因素 .................................. 12 硫化氫腐蝕的防腐設(shè)計 .................................. 12 二氧化碳腐蝕的影響因素及防腐設(shè)計 ............................ 13 二氧化