【正文】 陜西理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) I 年產(chǎn) 40 萬(wàn)噸二甲醚工藝設(shè)計(jì) （陜西理工學(xué)院化學(xué)學(xué)院化工專業(yè) 06 級(jí) 1 班，陜西 漢中 723000） 指導(dǎo)教師： [摘要 ]作為 LPG和石油類的替代燃料，目前二甲醚 (DME)倍受注目。 DME是具有與 LPG 的物理性質(zhì)相類似的 化 學(xué)品，在燃燒時(shí)不會(huì)產(chǎn)生破壞環(huán)境的氣體，能便宜而大量地生產(chǎn)。與甲烷一樣，被 期望成為 21世紀(jì)的能源之一。目前生產(chǎn)的二甲醚基本上由甲醇脫水制得，即先合成甲醇，然后經(jīng)甲醇脫水制成二甲醚。甲醇脫水制二甲醚分為液相法和氣相法兩種工藝 ， 本設(shè)計(jì)采用氣相法制備二甲醚工藝。將甲醇加熱蒸發(fā)，甲醇蒸氣通過(guò) γAL2O3催化劑床層 ,氣相甲醇脫水制得二甲醚。氣相法的工藝過(guò)程主要由甲醇加熱、蒸發(fā)、甲醇脫水、二甲醚冷凝及精餾等組成。主要完成 以下 工作： 1）精餾用到的二甲醚分離塔和甲醇回收塔的塔高、塔徑、塔板布置等的設(shè)計(jì)； 2）所需換熱器、泵的計(jì)算及選型； [關(guān)鍵詞 ]二甲醚，甲醇，工藝設(shè)計(jì) 。 陜西理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) II The design of dimehyl ether process annual output 400,000 tons Ma Pengjun (Grade06,Class 1, Major Chemical Engineering and Technology ,School of Chemical and environmental sciences,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723000,Shaanxi) Tutor: LI Zhizhou Abstract: As LPG and oil alternative fuel, DME has drawn attentions at present. Physical properties of DME is similar for LPG, and don’t produce bustion gas to damage the environment, so, It can be produced largely. Like methane, DME is expected to bee 21st century energy sources., DME is prepared by methanol dehydration, namely, synthetic methanol first and then methanol dehydration to dimethyl etherby methanol dehydration. Methanol dehydration to DME is divided into two kinds of liquid phase and gasphase process. This design uses a process gas of dimethyl ether prepared by dimethyl. Heating methanol to evaporation, methanol vapor through the γAL 2O3 catalyst bed, vapor methanol dehydration to dimethyl etherby. This process is made of methanol process heating, evaporation, dehydration of methanol, dimethyl ether condensation and distillation etc. Completed for the following work: 1) Distillation tower used in separation of dimethyl ether and methanol recovery , column height of tower ,diameter, arrangement of column plate etc。 2) The calculation and selection of heat exchanger, pump。 Key words: dimethyl ether, methanol, process design.陜西理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 目錄 1 概 述 ............................................................................................................. 1 二甲醚 的用途 .......................................................................................... 1 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) .................................................................................................. 1 技術(shù)來(lái)源 .................................................................................................. 1 液相甲醇脫水法制 二甲醚 ................................................................ 1 氣相甲醇脫水法制 二甲醚 ................................................................ 1 合成氣一步法生產(chǎn) 二甲醚 ................................................................ 2 二氧化碳 加氫直接合成 二甲醚 ........................................................ 2 催化蒸餾法制 二甲醚 ........................................................................ 2 本設(shè)計(jì)采用的方法 ............................................................................ 3 原料及產(chǎn)品規(guī)格 ...................................................................................... 3 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模和設(shè)計(jì)要求 .............................................................................. 3 2 技術(shù)分析 ....................................................................................................... 4 反應(yīng)原理 .................................................................................................. 4 反應(yīng)條件 .................................................................................................. 4 反應(yīng)選擇性和轉(zhuǎn)化率 .............................................................................. 4 催化劑的選擇 .......................................................................................... 4 3 反應(yīng)器的結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 ........................................................................................ 5 物料衡算 .................................................................................................. 5 計(jì)算催化劑床層體積 .............................................................................. 5 反應(yīng)器管數(shù) .............................................................................................. 5 熱量衡算 .................................................................................................. 5 4 甲醚精餾塔結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 .................................................................................... 8 甲醚精餾塔的物料衡算及理論板數(shù) ....................................................... 8 實(shí)際板層數(shù)的求取 .................................................................................. 9 精餾塔的工藝條件及有關(guān)物性數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算 ......................................... 10 操作壓力的計(jì)算 .............................................................................. 10 操作溫度計(jì)算 .................................................................................. 10 平均摩爾質(zhì)量計(jì)算 ...........................................................................11 平均密度計(jì)算 ...................................................................................11 液體平均表面張力的計(jì)算 .............................................................. 13 液體平均粘度 .................................................................................. 13 精餾塔的塔體工藝尺寸計(jì)算 ................................................................. 13 提餾段塔徑的計(jì)算 .......................................................................... 15 精餾塔有效高度的計(jì)算 .................................................................. 16 塔板主要工藝尺寸的計(jì)算 ..................................................................... 16 溢流裝置計(jì)算 .................................................................................. 16 塔板布置 ......................................................................................... 17 塔板的流體力學(xué)驗(yàn)算 ............................................................................ 18 塔板壓降 .......................................................................................