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I 目 錄 1 緒論 ............................................................................................................................ 1 2 堆焊簡(jiǎn)介 .................................................................................................................... 4 3 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................ 8 動(dòng)力頭的總體設(shè)計(jì)要求 .................................................................................. 8 動(dòng)力頭的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 8 4 蝸輪蝸桿的傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 11 高 速級(jí)傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 11 低速級(jí) 傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 16 5 軸的校核與設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................... 21 軸的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................ 21 輸入軸 ............................................................................................................ 21 輸出軸 ............................................................................................................ 23 中間軸的校核 ................................................................................................ 25 6 滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇及校核計(jì)算 .................................................................................. 32 輸入軸上的軸承 ............................................................................................ 32 輸出軸上的軸承 ............................................................................................ 33 7 鍵連接的選擇及校核計(jì)算 ...................................................................................... 37 8 聯(lián)軸器和箱體的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ...................................................................................... 39 聯(lián)軸器 ............................................................................................................ 39 ................................................................................................................. 41 9 減速器結(jié)構(gòu)與潤(rùn)滑、密封方式的概要說(shuō)明 .......................................................... 43 10 結(jié)論 ........................................................................................................................ 45 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................... 46 致謝 ................................................................................................ 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 大齒輪輪芯堆焊機(jī)動(dòng)力頭設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 : 大齒輪是由外齒圈、輪芯和鍵組合而成,齒圈為嚙合部分所以采用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼,輪芯為鑄造件用鍵連接齒輪軸。外齒圈和輪芯采用過(guò)盈配合,用溫差法裝配。輪芯與外齒圈無(wú)相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)、無(wú)磨損。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)更換外齒圈或維修齒輪軸上零件等情況時(shí),需要將齒輪解體,此時(shí)外齒圈將從輪芯外表面中被強(qiáng)行拉出,配合面就會(huì)被破壞,齒輪輪芯也容易受到磨損。為了不影響齒輪的工作狀態(tài),輪芯外表面需堆焊及機(jī)加工,恢復(fù)輪芯外表面及其光潔度。同樣輪 芯內(nèi)孔損傷也需用堆焊的方法修復(fù)。本文所設(shè)計(jì)堆焊機(jī)動(dòng)力頭就用于此工序 輪芯堆焊機(jī)主要由動(dòng)力頭、尾架、焊接小車、底座、導(dǎo)軌及控制箱六大部分組成。本文設(shè)計(jì)輪芯堆焊機(jī)動(dòng)力頭,工作重點(diǎn)在于減速器的設(shè)計(jì)。首要目的是滿足基本的使用性能,其次是在此基礎(chǔ)上盡量減少減速器的體積和重量使其結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、加工制造方便。動(dòng)力頭減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)有很多種類,本文首要滿足的性能是速比和強(qiáng)度,之后再?gòu)难b備方便、縮小體積、降低成本等方面加以考慮。設(shè)計(jì)后的減速器應(yīng)具有容易生產(chǎn)、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、可實(shí)用性、安裝方便、成本低的特點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵詞 :輪芯;堆焊;動(dòng)力頭 ;減速器 Wheel center welding machine power head design Abstract : From outside the ring gear, wheel core and key bination engagement ring is part of it using high quality steel, round core for the casting gear shaft with key the ring and the wheel core by interference fit, with the temperature difference method assembly. Wheel core and outer ring is no relative movement, no wear. When replacement or repair outside the ring gear shaft parts, etc., you need to gear collapse, this time from the outer ring round the outer surface of the core was forcibly pulled out, with the surface will be destroyed, gear wheel core is also easy by wear and tear. In order not to affect the working condition of gears, wheel outer surface of the core needs welding and machining to restore wheel core and the outer surface finish. Within the same round hole injury also used as a core method of welding repair. This power head welding machine is designed to be used for this process This designs the gear of wheel center welding machine, the focus is the design of transmission and shaft. The primary purpose of the work is to meet basic performance, second is on this basis to reduce the size and weight of the gear as much as possible to pact structure and to manufacture esaily. The gear structure of dynamic head has many types, the first to meet the performance of this design is ratio and intensity, the second is considered from the equipment convenient, smaller size, lower cost and so on. After the design the gear should be easy to produce, structure simple, practical, easy installation and low cost. Keywords: wheel center, welding machine, gear, dynamic head. 1 1 緒論 課題的意義 焊接是借助于原子的結(jié)合把兩個(gè)分離的物體聯(lián)合成一個(gè)整體的過(guò)程。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)焊接過(guò)程,必須使兩個(gè)被焊的物體接近到原子間的力能夠發(fā)生相互作用的程度。為達(dá)到這個(gè)目的,可利用加熱、加壓或兩者并用,并且用或不用填充材料的方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 堆焊是焊接的一個(gè)分支,是金屬晶內(nèi)結(jié)合的一種溶化焊接方法,但它與一般的焊接不同,不是為了連接零件,而是用焊接的方法,在零件的表面堆敷一層或數(shù)層具有一定性能材料的工藝過(guò)程。其目的在于修復(fù)零件或增加其耐磨、耐熱、耐蝕等方面的性能。由此可見,堆焊具有一般焊接方法的特點(diǎn),但 又有其特殊性。 堆焊機(jī)是將焊條平敷在金屬的表面 ,來(lái)提高焊口的高度 ,所特用的一種焊接設(shè)備 .堆焊機(jī)是由包括機(jī)架、機(jī)頭、翻轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)、行走機(jī)構(gòu)、控制設(shè)備構(gòu)成,所述控制設(shè)備通過(guò)機(jī)頭控制卡與機(jī)頭相連接,同時(shí)通過(guò)控制電路板、驅(qū)動(dòng)器與翻轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)和行走機(jī)構(gòu)相連接,以實(shí)現(xiàn)行走機(jī)構(gòu)和翻轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)同精確轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和移動(dòng),機(jī)頭為兩個(gè),一個(gè)是絲極機(jī)頭 , 一個(gè)是帶極機(jī)頭,分別安裝在行走機(jī)構(gòu)的兩條導(dǎo)軌上進(jìn)行焊接 。 堆焊的應(yīng)用廣泛,它遍及各種機(jī)械使用和制造部門。 堆焊作為材料表面改性的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)而快速的工藝方法,越來(lái)越廣泛地應(yīng)用于各個(gè)工業(yè)部門零件的制造修復(fù) 中。為了最有效地發(fā)揮堆焊層的作用,希望采用的堆焊方法有較小的母材稀釋、較高的熔敷速度和優(yōu)良的堆焊層性能,即優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、低稀釋率的堆焊技術(shù) 。用它制造某些零件時(shí),不僅發(fā)揮零件的綜合技術(shù)性能和材料的工作潛力,還能節(jié)約大量的貴重合金。例如,一般的熱鍛模用 5CrMnMo 或 5CrNiMo 等合金鋼整體模制造,而我國(guó)有的工廠已成功的應(yīng)用 45Mn2 鑄鋼基體電渣堆焊合金材料來(lái)制造,從而大量節(jié)約了貴重的 Ni、 Mo 等合金元素。用堆焊修復(fù)舊件費(fèi)用低、省工、省時(shí)、省材料,還可以縮短制造周期。因此,合理地采用并用并推廣堆焊技術(shù)具有重大的 經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。 齒輪是大型機(jī)車的重要傳動(dòng)部件。由于大齒輪的加工難度和工作條件中的很大沖擊力決定著大齒輪輪芯很容易受到磨損。因?yàn)檩喰镜哪p會(huì)很容易使大齒輪的位置松動(dòng)移動(dòng)位置,從而影響到機(jī)車的正常工作。以前通常是把機(jī)車上的受