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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-基于單片機(jī)的溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)(已修改)

2025-06-22 15:59 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 遼寧科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 I 頁(yè) 單片機(jī)溫度控制系統(tǒng) 摘 要 本次設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)單片機(jī)在溫度控制系統(tǒng)中的基本理論和應(yīng)用技術(shù)作了較為全面的介紹。主要目的是用單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)溫度控制器,通過(guò)運(yùn)用 PID 控制算法,使得溫度保持在 600 度這一恒定溫度值上。該控制器具有本機(jī)給定和上位機(jī)給定的功能。 在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程自動(dòng)的發(fā)展歷程中, PID 控制是歷史最久、生命力最強(qiáng)的基本控制方式。 PID 控制是比例積分微分控制的簡(jiǎn)稱。由于模擬 PID 調(diào)節(jié)器控制溫度的精確模型難以建立,系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)又經(jīng)常發(fā)生變化,運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代控制理論分析綜合要耗費(fèi)很大代價(jià)進(jìn)行模擬辨識(shí),而且不能 得到預(yù)期的效果,所以本次設(shè)計(jì)采用 PID 調(diào)節(jié)器,由于軟件系統(tǒng)的靈活性, PID 算法可以得到修正而更加完善。 根據(jù)不同的測(cè)溫范圍選出合適的溫度傳感器,單片機(jī)把測(cè)到的溫度進(jìn)行處理(通過(guò)內(nèi)置 PID 控制或與上位機(jī)通訊,由上位機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn) PID 控制)后保持恒溫輸出,來(lái)控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。單片機(jī)輸出的是數(shù)字量,需要經(jīng)過(guò) D/A 轉(zhuǎn)換變?yōu)槟M量后,才能去控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。 關(guān)鍵 詞 PID 控制器;傳感器; 8052 溫度控制 遼寧科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 II 頁(yè) Abstract This design prehensively introduced the basic theories and application technology of the MCU (Micro Controller Unit) in the control systems of temperature this time. The main purpose to design one temperature controller with MCU, through use PID control algorithms, make temperature keep on this invariable temperature value of 600 degrees. The controller has the function of given by own machine and top machine. In the development of automatic production process, PID control has the longest history, strongest vitality which is the basic control method. It is an abbreviation of the proportion, integral and derivative. It is difficult to build accurate model of analogy PID regulator to control temperature, the systematic parameter often changes, using the modern control theory to analyze and synthesize that should consume very large cost to analogy identification, and can39。t get the anticipated result, so the design adopt PID regulator, because of the flexibility of the software system, PID algorithm can be revised more perfect. To elect the suitable temperature sensor according to different examining the warm range, because the output of the temperature sensor is an analog quantity of changing, therefore, need to change A/D first, transform it into digital quantity to send into the puter. After the MCU gets the examining temperature and dealt it (control or municate with top machine through builtin PID, the top machine realize PID control) and then keep constant temperature exported to control executive body. What the MCU outputted is digital quantity, needs to change into analog quantity, to control the executive body. Key words PID controller; A/D converter; 8051temperature control 遼寧科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 III 頁(yè) 目 錄 摘要 I Abstract II 第 1 章 緒論 1 選題背景及目的 1 發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 2 各章節(jié)主要內(nèi)容 3 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)方案的提出與論證 4 傳感器的選擇 4 驅(qū)動(dòng)部分 5 PID 的算法 5 PID 的控制 5 開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng) 5 閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng) 6 階躍響應(yīng) 6 PID 控制的原理和特點(diǎn) 6 PID 控制器的參數(shù)整定 183
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