【正文】 2021 屆 測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器專業(yè) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 小功率交流電動(dòng)機(jī)綜合保護(hù)器設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 交流電 動(dòng) 機(jī)是一種應(yīng)用最廣泛的動(dòng)力設(shè)備，在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中起著舉足輕重的作用 ，但是其高故障率對(duì)工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，因此在分析傳統(tǒng)電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)裝置不盡完善的基礎(chǔ)上，研制功能完善、可靠性高的電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)裝置己經(jīng)成為必要。 近年來(lái)，隨著微電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，各種類型的微控制器、數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器、以及其它嵌入式處理器在電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文圍繞基于微控制器的電動(dòng)機(jī) 綜合 保護(hù)裝置的研究這一任務(wù)而展開，開發(fā)了適用于各種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境的交流電機(jī)測(cè)量、監(jiān)控、保護(hù)一體化裝 置。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容概括如下。 1． 分析了電動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行的基本原理、電動(dòng)機(jī)故障特征以及保護(hù)原理。 2．給出了電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)裝置的實(shí)現(xiàn)方案。本裝置可實(shí)現(xiàn)以下故障保護(hù)：短路保護(hù)、堵轉(zhuǎn)保護(hù)、過(guò)流保護(hù)、不平衡保護(hù)、斷相保護(hù)、過(guò)壓保護(hù)、欠壓保護(hù)、漏電保護(hù)以及過(guò)熱保護(hù)等功能。 3．以 STC90C58AD單片機(jī)為核心控制器設(shè)計(jì)了電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù) 硬件 單元，并配以液晶顯示器等外圍設(shè)備構(gòu)成電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)系統(tǒng)。 4．在軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)上，根據(jù) STC90C58AD單片機(jī)的編程結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，采用模塊化編程思想，將系統(tǒng)功能分解成較小的功能模塊，然后用子函數(shù) 和中斷處理函數(shù)等實(shí)現(xiàn)了電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)功能。 最后 ，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì) 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器 的可靠性 進(jìn)行 檢驗(yàn) ， 實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，此 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器的測(cè)量精度，靈敏度以及保護(hù)性能均達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求。 關(guān)鍵詞： 電動(dòng) 機(jī)保護(hù) ； 單片機(jī) ；故障診斷； 數(shù)據(jù)采集 2021 屆 測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器專業(yè) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） AC motor integrated protection design Abstract AC motor is the most widely used power equipment, in the national economy plays an important role, but its high failure rate on the industrial and agricultural production caused huge economic losses, so the analysis of traditional motor protection devices are not perfect on the basis of , developed functional, highly reliable motor protection devices have bee necessary. In recent years, with the microelectronic technology, puter technology, the rapid development of various types of microcontrollers, digital signal processors, embedded processors and other protected areas in the motor has been widely applied. This paper focuses on a microcontrollerbased motor protection device of this task are menced, the development environment for a variety of onsite AC motor measurement, monitoring, protection integrated devices. The main contents of this paper are summarized below. 1. Of the basic principles of operation of the motor, the motor characteristics and fault protection principle. 2. Gives a motor protection device implementations. The device can achieve the following fault protection: short circuit protection, stall protection, overcurrent protection, unbalance protection, phase protection, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, leakage protection, and thermal protection. 3. In STC90C58AD microcontroller as the core controller design with motor protection hardware units, and with liquid crystal displays and other peripherals constitute Motor Protection System. 4. In the design of software systems, based on structural characteristics STC90C58AD microcontroller programming, modular programming ideas, functional deposition of the system into smaller modules, and then use the subroutine and interrupt handling functions such as to achieve a motor protection. Finally, the motor protection through experiments to test the reliability of the experiment show that this motor protection measurement accuracy, sensitivity and protection performance meet the design requirements. Keywords: motor protection, SCM, fault diagnostics, data acquisition. 2021 屆 測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器專業(yè) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 ....................................................................................1 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器研究的背景及意義 ......................................... 1 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器的歷史和現(xiàn)狀 ................................................. 1 以熔斷器、熱繼電器為主的機(jī)械式保護(hù)方式 ................ 1 普通電子式電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器 ............................................... 2 智能型電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器 ....................................................... 2 微處理器的發(fā)展特點(diǎn) ............................................................. 3 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器設(shè)計(jì)的主要工作和論文的各章節(jié)安排 .......... 3 第 2 章 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)原理 ................................................................5 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行原理 ......................................................... 5 電動(dòng)機(jī)故障分類 ..................................................................... 5 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)原理分析 ............................................................. 7 電動(dòng)機(jī)故障特征分析及保護(hù)判據(jù) ......................................... 8 短路故障特征分析及保護(hù)判據(jù) ....................................... 8 堵轉(zhuǎn)故障特征分析及保護(hù)判據(jù) ....................................... 8 斷相故障特征分析及保護(hù)判據(jù) ....................................... 9 過(guò)載故障特征分析及保護(hù)判據(jù) ..................................... 10 欠壓和過(guò)壓故障特征分析及保護(hù)判據(jù) .......................... 14 本章小結(jié) .............................................................................. 15 第 3 章 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................17 概述 ...................................................................................... 17 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器硬件系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)要求 ............................. 17 保護(hù)裝置硬件設(shè)計(jì)綜述 ................................................. 17 各模塊研究 .................................................................... 18 中央處理模塊 ....................................................................... 19 STC90C58AD 單片機(jī)的主要特點(diǎn) ................................. 19 處理模塊電路設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................... 19 2021 屆 測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器專業(yè) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 鍵盤、顯示模塊 ................................................................... 20 鍵盤設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................ 20 顯示設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................ 21 電源模塊 .............................................................................. 23 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊 ....................................................................... 24 報(bào)警和保護(hù)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行模塊 ................................................... 25 通信模塊 .............................................................................. 26 本章小結(jié) .............................................................................. 27 第 4 章 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................28 程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言選擇 ............................................................... 28 保護(hù)器軟件系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計(jì) ................................................... 29 保護(hù)器主程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................... 30 鍵盤子程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................... 31 顯示子程序設(shè)計(jì)