【正文】 I 摘 要 隨著傳感器檢測技術(shù)的發(fā)展，傳感器集信號采集、信號處理輸出功能于一身，精度高穩(wěn)定性好的壓力檢測系統(tǒng)已成為生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐發(fā)展的迫切需要。其中壓阻式壓力傳感器以其靈敏度高、動態(tài)響應(yīng)好、易于微型化等特點(diǎn)，而獲得廣泛應(yīng)用。單片機(jī)是隨著超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)發(fā)展而誕生的，由于它體積小、功耗低，控制能力強(qiáng)、擴(kuò)展靈 活、微型化和使用方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，以形式多樣的控制系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)， 廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)檢測和控制中。 本設(shè)計(jì)從當(dāng)前工業(yè)壓力采集顯示開關(guān)現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)，設(shè)計(jì)一種基于AT89C51 單片機(jī)的編程控制儀器，該系統(tǒng)集壓力采集顯示，過載 報(bào)警并處理于一體。本設(shè)計(jì)對壓力傳感器的選型，信號放大和濾波，LCD 液晶顯示電路以及單片機(jī)的接口電路等技術(shù)進(jìn)行了分析和 設(shè)計(jì) ，并用仿真軟件 Proteus 對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了整體調(diào)試，實(shí)現(xiàn)了預(yù)定功能。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：傳感器 單片機(jī) 信號處理 仿真 II ABSTRACT With the development of sensor detection technology, it makes the signal acquisition and signal processing output inone. The pressure monitoring system about high precision and stability has bee the urgent need for the production practices. T he pressure sensor with its high sensitivity, dynamic response, miniaturization and other features, is widely available. With the development of ultralargescale integrated circuit technology, the Microcontroller w as born. Due to its small size, low power consumption, control ability, flexible expansion, miniaturization and ease of use, it is used in industrial inspection and control widely in the various forms of control systems and data acquisition system. According to the status about the pressure display switch in the current collection industrial, the design makes a programming control instruments based on system gather s pressure of display and overload alarm in one. The design that analyses the selection pressure sensor, the signal amplified and filter, the LCD display circuit and microcontroller interface circuit. The design adopts Proteus as the simulation platform and achieves the intended function. Keywords: transducer SCM signal processing simulation I 目 錄 摘 要 .................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT .......................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒論 ......................................................................................... 1 概述 ............................................................................................. 1 分類 ............................................................................................. 2 電子式壓力開關(guān)原理 .................................................................. 3 國外壓力檢測的現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................. 4 第 2 章 方案設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 6 設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)框圖 .............................................................................. 6 控制器方案確定 .......................................................................... 6 壓力傳感器選擇 .......................................................................... 7 壓力檢測的類型 ..................................................................... 7 壓阻式傳感器的工作原理 ..................................................... 9 電阻應(yīng)變片測量電路的電橋原理 .........................................11 傳感器最終方案 ................................................................... 14 第 3 章 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................ 15 總體設(shè)計(jì)框圖 ............................................................................ 15 壓力傳感器 ................................................................................ 15 擴(kuò)散型壓阻式壓力傳感器特點(diǎn) ........................................... 16 壓阻式傳感器測量電路 ...................................................... 16 參數(shù)計(jì)算 ............................................................................. 17 信號放大及調(diào)理電路 ................................................................ 19 電路基本結(jié)構(gòu) ...................................................................... 19 有源濾波器參數(shù)計(jì)算 .......................................................... 22 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 ............................................................................. 23 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 TLC1543 ....................................................... 23 TLC1543 的特點(diǎn) .................................................................. 24 II A/D 采集時間計(jì)算 ............................................................... 24 TLC1543 與單片機(jī)接口電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 24 顯示電路 .................................................................................... 25 LM032L 模塊 ....................................................................... 25 液晶顯示模塊與單片機(jī)連接 .............................................. 26 鍵盤電路 ................................................................................... 27 單片機(jī)與鍵盤電路接口設(shè)計(jì) .............................................. 27 繼電器與報(bào)警裝置 .................................................................... 28 固態(tài)繼電器的工作原理 ...................................................... 28 繼電器與單片機(jī)接口設(shè)計(jì) .................................................. 29 報(bào)警裝置 ............................................................................. 30 電源設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 30 VV 125 ?? 與 電源設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................... 31 單片機(jī)與最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................ 32 最小系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成 ...................................................................... 32 第 4 章 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................... 35 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)思路 ................................................................ 35 初始化子程序 ............................................................................ 36 鍵盤子程序 ................................................................................ 36 A/D 子程序 ................................................................................. 37 液晶顯示子程序 ........................................................................ 38 第 5 章 仿真測試 .......................................................................