【正文】 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) I 摘要 隨著電力系統(tǒng)額定電壓的提高 ,對系統(tǒng)供電可靠性的要求也愈高 ,由于設(shè)備絕緣不可靠而引起事故所帶來的損失遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過電氣設(shè)備本身價(jià)值 ,而且現(xiàn)階段各種絕緣試驗(yàn)還是驗(yàn)證高壓電氣設(shè)備絕緣能否在現(xiàn)場安全可靠運(yùn)行的重要手段。因此對于交流高壓電氣設(shè)備 ,工頻耐壓試驗(yàn)在高電壓技術(shù)中具有非常重要和不可替代的地位和作用。 以往的工頻耐壓試驗(yàn)控制線路一般均為繼電器、接觸器所組成的手動(dòng)繼電控制系統(tǒng) ,實(shí)現(xiàn)操作順序和升降壓速度變化、升降壓過程等均由人工控制 ,容易出錯(cuò) ,且精度得不到保證 ,若試驗(yàn)過程中出現(xiàn)故障還需技術(shù)人員進(jìn)行分析查找 ,很是費(fèi)時(shí) ,對試驗(yàn)人員來說 ,工作量很大 ,而且手動(dòng)操作的過程 ,對試驗(yàn)的準(zhǔn)確性 ,也有影響。以工控機(jī)為核心的工頻耐壓控制系統(tǒng)具有編程復(fù)雜、價(jià)格昂貴、抗干擾能力差的弱點(diǎn)。針對上述情況 ,本文提出了以可編程控制器 (PLC)為核心 ,同時(shí)又能與手動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)并行使用的新型工頻耐壓控制系統(tǒng)。 本文通過對常用的幾種高電壓測量方法進(jìn)行分析比較 ,選擇電容分壓器法測量試驗(yàn)電壓 ,同時(shí)采用全波傅立葉算法分析諧波分量并設(shè)計(jì)濾波電路消除試驗(yàn)電壓中的諧波。設(shè)計(jì)了工頻耐壓控制系統(tǒng)的主回路包括接觸式調(diào)壓器、試驗(yàn)變壓器、 NSP 保護(hù)裝置等。同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)控制回 路包括 :工作方式設(shè)定、動(dòng)作順序控制、耐壓時(shí)間設(shè)定、調(diào)壓器位置檢測與報(bào)警、試驗(yàn)電路過電流保護(hù)等。設(shè)計(jì)電壓、電流、試驗(yàn)電壓測量電路。 研究了暫態(tài)恢復(fù)過電壓保護(hù)系統(tǒng)。最后 ,使用西門子 S7300 編程軟件進(jìn)行包括數(shù)字信號、模擬信號的處理以及整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)的軟件編程與調(diào)試。同時(shí)制作WINCC 界面 ,配合硬件控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了監(jiān)控試驗(yàn)過程的功能。 本文通過軟、硬件的設(shè)計(jì)滿足了相關(guān)試驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)程要求 ,提高了試驗(yàn)的準(zhǔn)確性、科學(xué)性 ,通過調(diào)式達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 工頻耐壓試驗(yàn) ,可編程控制器 ,控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ,WINCC石家莊鐵道大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) II Abstract The requirement for the reliability of electric Power supply in electric Power system is everincreasingly high with the improvement of rated voltage. The loss incurred by Unreliable equipment insulation far exceeds the value of electrical equipment, but the Insulation test is an important method to demonstrate whether highvoltage electric equipment can run reliably and safely on site .Therefore, for highvoltage test electric equipment with automating current, Power frequency voltage endurance test plays an important role in highvoltage technique. The traditional control circuit of Power frequency voltagewithstand test is a manual relay system posed of relay and cont. actor, which Performs operating sequence and rate change of ascending or descending voltage. Voltage change by manual control is not very accurate, in the meantime, technician must spend time and vigor analyzing and finding the reason of fault. At the same time, there are some weaknesses of Programming plex, expensive, poor antiinterference ability for industrial puter control system. According to these circumstances, this dissertation puts forward a novel Power frequency voltagewithstand control system that the nuclear Part is a PLC, which can be used with manual control system in Parallel. In this dissertation, capacitance divider is selected to measures test voltage in parison with several kinds of cannon highvoltage measurement. In the meanwhile analyzing nominate ponent based on the Improved Fourier Transformations and Designing filter circuit to eliminate harmonic waves of test voltage. The designing of the main circuit of Power frequency voltagewithstand control system which consists contact voltage regulator, test transformer, NPS Protection equipment and so on. The control circuit consists working mode setting, movement sequence control, and voltagewithstand time setting, voltage regulator Position detection and alarming, overcurrent Protection of test circuit etc. In addition, detection circuit of voltage, current, and test voltage are designed and 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) III Overvoltage Protection system for transient recovery is developed. Finally, S7300 Program software is applied to Programming and debugging digital signal and analog signal. Furthermore, WINCC interface is made to mate hardware control system to monitor test. The design of software and hardware in this dissertation meets the need of related test standard specifications, improve Precision and scientific of test, and attain the target result by debugging. Key Words: Power Frequency VoltageWithstand Test, Programmable Controller, Control System Design, WINCC 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) IV 目錄 摘要 ...............................................................I Abstract ...........................................................I 第一章 緒論 .................................................... 1 關(guān)于工頻耐壓試驗(yàn) ......................................... 1 工頻耐壓試驗(yàn)控制系統(tǒng)研究的目的及意義 ..................... 1 國內(nèi)研究的現(xiàn)狀 ........................................... 4 課題研究的主要工作內(nèi)容 ................................... 5 第二章 試驗(yàn)原理及模擬試驗(yàn)電壓諧波分析 .......................... 6 工頻耐壓試驗(yàn)原理 ......................................... 6 試驗(yàn)電壓測量方法選擇 ..................................... 7 球隙法測量 ........................................... 7 靜電壓表法測量 ....................................... 9 峰值電壓表法測量 .................................... 10 分壓器法測量 ........................................ 11 模擬試驗(yàn)電壓諧波分析 .................................... 15 試驗(yàn)電壓諧波的產(chǎn)生 .................................. 15 諧波分析算法 ........................................ 16 仿真模型及結(jié)果分析 .................................. 17 工頻耐壓試驗(yàn)過程中應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng) ............................ 21 本章小結(jié) ................................................ 23 第三章 工頻耐壓試驗(yàn)控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................... 24 控制系統(tǒng)主回路設(shè)計(jì) ...................................... 24 電氣圖設(shè)計(jì)原則 ...................................... 24 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) V 工頻耐壓試驗(yàn)對控制系統(tǒng)的要求 ........................ 25 控制系統(tǒng)主回路 ...................................... 25 控制系統(tǒng)控制回路設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 27 控制系統(tǒng)測量電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 31 電壓測量電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 31 試驗(yàn)電壓測量電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................ 34 電流測量電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 34 電源電路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 36 電源濾波電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 37 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計(jì)方案 ................................. 39 暫態(tài)恢復(fù)過電壓的產(chǎn)生及危害 .......................... 40 暫態(tài)恢復(fù)過電壓消除方法 .............................. 40 變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 41 變頻器型號及相關(guān)參數(shù) ................................ 41 變頻器調(diào)速控制回路 .................................. 42 本章小結(jié) ................................................ 44 第四章 工頻耐壓試驗(yàn)控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ........................... 45 軟件