【正文】 基于 USB 接口供電的迷你冰箱電路系統(tǒng)的研究與設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 ： 基于 USB 接口供電的迷你冰箱是一個(gè)小型的冷熱器，它沒有家用冰箱復(fù)雜的電路 ， 它靠 半導(dǎo)體致冷片將熱量從片的一面?zhèn)鲗?dǎo)到另一面的 方法 ，達(dá)到制冷的效果，再 利用 直流電源極性倒過來 能使 熱傳導(dǎo)方向改變 的原理，達(dá)到 半導(dǎo)體 加熱 的效果。該 USB 小冰箱無噪音，無壓縮機(jī)，綠色環(huán)保，小巧玲瓏，節(jié)能輕便，制造工藝精美細(xì)致 ，能在 5 分鐘內(nèi)制冷到 攝氏度（或 47 華氏度），而且只需5 伏電壓 —— 只要有 USB 接口（ 或者 接口）即可。 它 不需要 外加 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序，隨意插入 USB 接口即可！ 幾分鐘后 就可以使用 了。 它適用于在辦公室，學(xué)?；虺鋈ヂ糜危且粋€(gè)隨身攜帶的冷熱器 ，但該小冰箱的電源部分不穩(wěn)定，不能知道冰箱的溫度是否加熱適宜，針 對以上小冰箱的特點(diǎn)和 不足 ，我們 從以下三個(gè)方面對小冰箱作了改進(jìn)： 電 源部分，過熱檢測部分，溫度告知部分。 首先對小冰箱的電源部分進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)， 利用二極管的特性，采用了雙電源，一條可以采用 USB 電源，另一根可以用家用電源。在兩條線相連部分利用二極管的單向?qū)ㄐ?，把兩條電源線相連，并用仿真軟件對設(shè)計(jì)的開關(guān)穩(wěn)壓電源進(jìn)行仿真，利用該電源，可以減少電源的損耗，提高效率。 其次對小 冰箱的 溫控部分進(jìn)行了 改進(jìn) ，在冰箱的溫控部分裝上過熱檢測系統(tǒng)，并設(shè)置適當(dāng)?shù)臏囟冗M(jìn)行檢測，方便提醒用戶。尤其達(dá)到 60℃的時(shí)候，那時(shí)熱敏電阻閃爍頻率為零。 并 通過仿真 把冰箱溫度的變化對 LED1 閃爍頻率的改變和熱敏電阻的阻值變化進(jìn)行分析與總結(jié)。 再次增加 溫度告知 功能 ，在電路中連接溫度告知電路，方便用戶及時(shí)知道冰箱溫度。查看溫度的時(shí)候，利用二極管發(fā)光的個(gè)數(shù)來確定電路的溫度。 在詳細(xì)分析 USB 供電小冰箱的工作原理后，針對上述技術(shù)改進(jìn)，采用Multisim 作了仿真，仿真結(jié)果證實(shí)了這些技術(shù)改進(jìn)收到了良好的效果。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：冷熱器；半導(dǎo) 體；開關(guān)穩(wěn)壓電源；過熱檢測系統(tǒng)；溫度告知電路 Study and Design of Minirefrigerator Circuit System Based on the USB Power Supply Abstract: The mini refrigerator supplying power on the basis of USB interface is a smallscale cold and hot device, it does not have plicated circuit of a domestic refrigerator, it depend on semiconductor refrigeration slice heat from the conducting to the method of another side of one, get the result of refrigeration, and then utilize polarity of direct current source to turn the principle that can make the heatconduction direction change around, reach the result that the semiconductor is heated. This USB minibar has no noise, without pressor, green environmental protection, pretty and cleverlymade, energyconservation is light, manufacturing process is exquisite and careful, can refrigerate within 5 minutes to ℃ (or 47 degrees Fahrenheit), and only takes voltage of 5 volts So long as there is USB interface ( or interface). It does not need any driver at all, inserts USB interface at will! Can use several minutes later. It is suitable for in the office, the school or going out to travel is a carryon cold and hot device, but the power part of this minibar is unstable, can39。t know whether the temperature of the refrigerator is heated suitably, to characteristic and deficiency of the abovementioned minibars, we have improved the minibar from three following respects: For example: Power part, measure the part overheatedly, tell some in temperature Improve the power part of the minibar at first, utilize the characteristic of the diode, having adopted a pair of power, one can adopt USB power, another one can use the home power. What linked up and utilized the diode partly was linked to two cables to the conduction only on two lines, and carry on emulation to the switch steady voltage plug that is designed with the artificial software, utilize this power, can reduce the loss of the power, raise the efficiency. Secondly has improved the temperaturecontroled part of the minibar, has loaded in the temperaturecontroled part of the refrigerator onto the overheated detection system, set up appropriate temperature to measure, it is convenient to remind users. While especially reaching 60 ℃ , frequency glimmers as zero in the thermal resistor at that time. And change of temperature glimmer change of frequency to LED1 and person who hinder of thermal resistor change analyzes and summarizes refrigerator through emulation. Increase temperature to tell the function again, connect temperature to tell the circuit in the circuit, help users know the refrigerator temperature in time. While looking over temperature, make use of number that the diode gives out light to confirm the temperature of the circuit. After the operation principle of the minibar that USB supplies power in detailed analysis, improve to technology described above, use Multisim as emulation, the artificial result has verified these technological improvement has achieved the good result. Keywords: Cold and hot device。 Semiconductor。 Steady voltage plug of switch。 Overheated detection system。 Tell the circuit in temperature 目 錄 1 緒 論 ............................................................. 2 本課題的研究背景和意義 .................................... 2 家用普通冰箱電路系統(tǒng)簡介 .................................. 3 家用普通冰箱的組成 ..............................3 家用冰箱的工作原理 ............................5 家用冰箱內(nèi)部電路的原理圖 .....................6 基于 USB 接口供電的迷你冰箱電路系統(tǒng)簡介 .................... 7 USB 設(shè)備的接入 .................................7 基于 USB接口供電的迷你冰箱內(nèi)部電路 ...........7 2 基于 USB 接口供電的迷你冰箱電路系統(tǒng)工作機(jī)理及技術(shù)改進(jìn) .............. 8 基于 USB 接口供電的迷你冰箱電路系統(tǒng)工作機(jī)理 ................ 8 USB 電源供電系統(tǒng)工作機(jī)理 ......................8 .............10 基于 USB接口供電的迷你冰箱電路系統(tǒng)技術(shù)改進(jìn) ............ 12 電源部分的 改進(jìn) ...............................12 過熱檢測電路的技術(shù)改進(jìn) .......................14 冰箱溫度告知電路的改進(jìn) .......................15 3 基于 USB 接口供電的迷你冰箱 電路系統(tǒng)的仿真及分析 ................... 17 Multisim 仿真軟件 ......................................... 17 Multisim 仿真軟件的介紹 ......................17 Multisim 的特點(diǎn) ...............................17 Multisim 在電子技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的應(yīng)用 ..............18 迷你小冰箱電源部分的仿真模型與分析 ....................... 19 熱檢測電路的仿真模型與分析 ............................... 21 冰箱溫度告知電路的改進(jìn)仿真模型的建立與分析 ............... 25 4 本文總結(jié)和未來展望 ............................................... 28 本文總結(jié) ................................................. 28 未來展望 ................................................. 28 致 謝 ............................................................. 30 參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................... 31 2 1 緒 論 USB 是英文 Universal Serial BUS 的縮寫， 中文含義是 “ 通用串行總線 ” 。 它不是一種新的總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而是應(yīng)用在 PC領(lǐng)域的接口技術(shù) 。 基于 USB接口供電的迷你冰箱采用了這個(gè)技術(shù)， 用 5V的 USB電源冷卻飲料 ， 內(nèi)置 LED燈 ，不需要壓縮機(jī)。它沒有家用