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本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) I 摘 要 本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的題目是 CA1091 貨車驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計(jì) 。 驅(qū)動橋是汽車傳動系統(tǒng)的重要組成部件 ,其 位于傳動系的末端,其功用是增大由傳動軸或變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩,將其傳給驅(qū)動輪并使其具有差速功能 . 所以中型專用汽車驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計(jì)有著實(shí)際的意義。 在本次設(shè)計(jì)中,根據(jù)當(dāng)今驅(qū)動橋的發(fā)展情況確定了驅(qū)動橋各部件的設(shè)計(jì)方案。本次設(shè)計(jì)的車型為 解放 CA1091 汽車主減速器的形式采用 單 級主減速器;而差速器則采用目前被廣泛應(yīng)用的對稱式錐齒輪差速器;其半軸為全浮式支撐。在本次設(shè)計(jì)中完成了對主減速器、差速器、半軸、橋殼及軸承的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及校核。并 通過以上計(jì)算滿足了驅(qū)動橋的各項(xiàng)功能。此外本設(shè)計(jì)還應(yīng)用了較為先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)手段,如用 MATLAB 進(jìn)行計(jì)算編程和用 CAXA 軟件繪圖。 本設(shè)計(jì)保持了驅(qū)動橋有足夠的強(qiáng)度、剛度和足夠的使用壽命,以及足夠的其他性能。并且在本次設(shè)計(jì)中力求做到零件通用化和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。 關(guān)鍵詞: 驅(qū)動橋、 主減速器、差速器、半軸、橋殼 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) II Abstract The graduation project is the subject of a medium goods vehicle driver in the design of the bridge. Bridge drive vehicle drive system is an important ponent parts, its function is increasing drive shaft or transmission came from the torque, and its transmission to a driving wheel differential function. So mediumsized private car driver has a practical bridge design Significance. In the design of the bridge under the current drive the development of the driver identified the ponents of the bridge design. According to the design of this model for the mediumsized cars, so the main reducer in the form of a twostage main reducer, and the current differential is being widely used symmetric bevel gear differential。 its axle for the whole floating Support. In the pletion of the design of the main reducer, differential and axle, bearings and the bridge shell calculation and design verification. Through the above calculation and the drive to meet the various functions of the bridge. In addition the design of a more advanced design tools, such as MATLAB calculated using CAXA software programming and graphics. This design has maintained a drive axle have sufficient strength, stiffness and sufficient life, and enough other properties. And in this designtomon and standardized ponents. Key words: Drive Bridge, the main reducer, differential and axle, Shell Bridge 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) III 目 錄 第一章 緒 論 ......................................................................................................... 1 驅(qū)動橋簡介 .............................................................................................. 1 驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求 .......................................................................... 1 第二章 驅(qū)動橋主減速器設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................. 3 主減速器簡介 ........................................................................................... 3 主減速器形式的選擇 ............................................................................... 3 主減速器錐齒輪的選擇 ........................................................................... 4 主減速器齒輪的支承 ............................................................................... 5 主減速器軸承的預(yù)緊 ............................................................................... 6 錐齒輪嚙合的調(diào)整 ................................................................................... 6 潤 滑 .................................................................................................... 7 雙曲面錐齒輪的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................. 7 ........................................................................... 7 主減速器齒輪計(jì)算載荷的確定 ................................................... 8 主減速器齒輪基本參數(shù)的選擇 ................................................... 9 主減速齒輪的 材料及熱處理 ................................................................. 20 第三章 驅(qū)動橋差速器設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 22 差速器簡介 ............................................................................................... 22 差速器結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇 ........................................................................... 22 差速器齒輪的基本參數(shù)選擇 ................................................................... 24 差速器齒輪的幾何尺寸計(jì)算與強(qiáng)度校核 ............................................... 26 第四章 車輪傳動裝置的設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................... 29 車輪傳動裝置的功用 ............................................................................... 29 半軸支承型式 ........................................................................................... 29 全浮式半軸計(jì)算載荷的確定 ................................................................... 29 半軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 ....................................................................................... 29 全浮式半軸桿部直徑的初選 ................................................................... 30 半軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及材料與熱處理 ........................................................... 30 第五章 驅(qū)動橋殼設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................... 31 驅(qū)動橋殼的功用和設(shè)計(jì)要求 ................................................................... 31 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) IV 驅(qū)動橋殼結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析 ........................................................................... 31 結(jié)論 ......................................................................................................................... 32 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................................................................. 33 致謝 ......................................................................................................................... 34 附 錄 1.................................................................................................................... 35 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 1 第一章 緒 論 驅(qū)動橋簡介 驅(qū)動橋是汽車傳動系的重要組成部分, 它 位于 傳動系的末端, 一般由主減速器、差速器、車輪傳動裝置 和橋殼等組成 。 其功用是: ① 將萬向傳動裝置傳來的發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩通過主減速器、差速器、半軸等傳到驅(qū)動車輪,實(shí)現(xiàn)降 低轉(zhuǎn) 速 、 增大轉(zhuǎn)矩; ② 通過主減速器圓錐齒輪副改變轉(zhuǎn)矩的傳遞方向; ③ 通過差速器實(shí)現(xiàn)兩側(cè)車輪差速的作用,保證內(nèi)、外車輪以不同的轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)向 ;④承受作用于路面和車架或車身之間的垂直力、縱 向力和橫向力,以及制動力矩和反作用力矩等。 驅(qū)動橋分?jǐn)嚅_式和非斷開式兩類。斷開式驅(qū)動橋 為了提高汽車行駛平順性和通過性,有些轎車和越野車全部或部分驅(qū)動輪采用獨(dú)立懸架,即將兩側(cè)的驅(qū)動輪分別用彈性懸架與車架相聯(lián)系,兩輪可彼此獨(dú)立地相對于車架上下跳動,于此相應(yīng),主減速殼固定在車架上。驅(qū)動橋殼應(yīng)制成分段并通過鉸鏈連接,這種驅(qū)動橋稱為斷開式驅(qū)動橋。 非斷開式驅(qū)動橋 整個驅(qū)動橋通過彈性懸架與車架連接,由于半軸套管與主減速器殼是剛性連成一體的,因而兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動輪不可能在橫向平面內(nèi)做相對運(yùn)動。故稱這種驅(qū)動橋?yàn)榉菙嚅_ 式驅(qū)動橋,亦稱為整體式驅(qū)動橋。 本次設(shè)計(jì)為 中