【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 題目名稱 基于單片機(jī)的電動(dòng)自行車 控制器的設(shè)計(jì) 系別 專業(yè) / 班級(jí) 學(xué)生 學(xué)號(hào) 指導(dǎo)老師（職稱） I 摘要 電動(dòng)自行車由于輕便靈活、節(jié)能環(huán)保、價(jià)格適中而得到人們的廣泛使用，成為人們短途出行的理想交通工具。同時(shí)中國(guó)具有世界上最龐大的自行車市場(chǎng)，電動(dòng)自行車產(chǎn)業(yè)在中國(guó)有著非常廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。因此發(fā)展電動(dòng)自行車具有良好的社會(huì)意義和客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 目前電動(dòng)自行車的動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)主要是輪轂式無(wú)刷直流電動(dòng)機(jī)。電動(dòng)自行車控制器作為電動(dòng)自行車的控制核心，是電動(dòng)自行車的關(guān)鍵部件，與無(wú)刷直 流電動(dòng)機(jī)一起構(gòu)成電動(dòng)自行車的動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，為了提高電動(dòng)自行車的騎行舒適性、安全性，本文對(duì)電動(dòng)自行車的動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了深入的研究，并 重點(diǎn) 介紹了電動(dòng)自行車控制器的功能構(gòu)成和軟件硬件設(shè)計(jì)。 本課題研制的電動(dòng)自行車用無(wú)位置傳感器直流無(wú)刷永磁電動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)，用 PIC16C74單片機(jī)作為主控芯片 。 它不僅克服了有刷直流電機(jī)的噪音、換向火花等缺點(diǎn)，而且避免了有位置傳感器直流無(wú)刷電機(jī)因位置傳感器帶來(lái)的不足；同時(shí)，它降低了制造和使用過程中的成本，提高了使用和維護(hù)的方便性，具有效率高、環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)和方便的特點(diǎn)以及具有良好運(yùn)行性能和 巨大的市場(chǎng)潛力。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：電動(dòng)自行車；位置傳感器；直流無(wú)刷電動(dòng)機(jī)；單片機(jī)控制 II Abstract The electric bicycles as light and flexible, energy saving, affordable and widely used by people, bee the ideal short trip transport. Meanwhile, China has the world39。s largest bicycle market, the electric bicycle industry in China has a very broad application prospects. Therefore the development of electric bicycle has a good social significance and objective economic benefits. Powered electric bicycles are nowadays mainly Wheel brushless DC motor. Electric bicycle controller as the control core of electric bicycle is a key ponent of electric bicycles, and together with DC motor constitute the drive system of electric bicycles .In order to improve the electric bicycle ride fort, safety, the power driving system of electric bicycle is researched deeply in this article, and it also mainly introduces the function of the electric bicycle controller structure and software amp。 hardware design. This topic researched electric bicycle which uses sensorless brushless DC permanent mag motor to drive, with the PIC16C74 microcontroller as the master chip. Thus not only overe the noise of brush DC motors, mutation spark shortings, but also avoid the deficiency caused by a position sensor。 at the same time, it reduces the costs of the process of manufacturing and using, improves the convenience of use and maintenance, and it is high efficiency, environmental protection, economy and convenient characteristic with good performance characteristics and huge market potential. Keywords: electric bicycle。 position sensor。 DC brushless motor。 SCM III 目 錄 摘要 .................................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................II 1 緒論 .............................................................................................................................................. 1 電動(dòng)自行車研究的目的和意義 .......................................................................................... 1 電動(dòng)自行車的基本結(jié)構(gòu)與發(fā)展 .......................................................................................... 2 電動(dòng)自行車的構(gòu)成 ....................................................................................................... 2 電動(dòng)自行車的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及趨勢(shì) ................................................................................... 3 論文的主要內(nèi)容 .................................................................................................................. 4 2 電動(dòng)自行車控制器的系統(tǒng)分析 ................................................................................................. 6 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的工作原理 .................................................................................................. 6 無(wú)刷直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的發(fā)展 ............................................................................................... 6 無(wú)刷直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行原理 ....................................................................................... 6 電動(dòng)自行車的驅(qū)動(dòng) 電機(jī)原理 .............................................................................................. 8 無(wú)位置傳感器直流無(wú)刷電動(dòng)機(jī)工作原理 ................................................................... 9 3 直流無(wú)刷無(wú)位置傳感器電動(dòng)自行車控制器的設(shè) 計(jì) ............................................................... 11 直流無(wú)刷無(wú)位置傳感器電動(dòng)機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型 .................................................................... 11 電動(dòng)自行車的運(yùn)行參數(shù)顯示功能設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................ 13 速度顯示 ..................................................................................................................... 13 蓄電池的容量顯示 ..................................................................................................... 14 4 電動(dòng)自行車控制器的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................... 16 芯片的選擇 ........................................................................................................................ 16 無(wú)位置傳感器無(wú)刷直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的反電動(dòng)勢(shì)檢測(cè)及換向控制 ........................................ 18 電動(dòng)自行車的 起 動(dòng)方法 .................................................................................................... 19 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 ............................................................................................................................ 21 調(diào)速和過流保護(hù) ................................................................................................................ 23 IV 電動(dòng)自行車的調(diào)速 ..................................................................................................... 23 過流保護(hù) ..................................................................................................................... 24 液晶顯示電路 .................................................................................................................... 25 5 系統(tǒng)軟件構(gòu)成 ........................................................................................................................... 27 系統(tǒng)主程序