【正文】 傳感器綜合設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)訓(xùn) (論文 )說(shuō)明書(shū) 題 目： 霍爾傳感器應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì) 院 （系）： 信息與通信學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 電子信息工程 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 王守華 歸發(fā)弟 童有為 李秀東 胡機(jī)秀 2021 年 07 月 04 日 摘 要 電動(dòng)機(jī)作為機(jī)械化、電氣化和自動(dòng)化的原動(dòng)機(jī)，廣泛應(yīng)用于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、國(guó)防建設(shè)、科學(xué)技術(shù)研究和人民物質(zhì)文明生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域 。 電機(jī) 是 生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中應(yīng)用十分廣泛 的裝置， 對(duì)其轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行 準(zhǔn)確 測(cè)量 就顯得十分必要。 本文介紹了 霍爾傳感器測(cè)速的原理，設(shè)計(jì)了基于 單片機(jī) AT89C51 的直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng) 。完成了電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)、霍爾傳感器測(cè)量電路的設(shè)計(jì)、 顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì)。 測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)速的霍爾傳感器和機(jī)軸同軸連接，機(jī)軸每轉(zhuǎn)一周，產(chǎn)生一定量的脈沖個(gè)數(shù)，由霍爾器件電路部分輸出幅度為 12V 的脈沖。經(jīng)光電 隔離 器 后成為輸出幅度為5V 轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)器的計(jì)數(shù)脈沖?？刂?定時(shí)器 計(jì)數(shù)時(shí)間，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì) 電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的測(cè)量 。 在顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)中， 通過(guò) 1602 實(shí)現(xiàn)在 LCD 上直觀地顯示電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速值。 并對(duì)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的硬件電路、 顯示 電路進(jìn)行了調(diào)試。與軟件配合，實(shí)現(xiàn)了顯示、報(bào)警功能。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明所設(shè)計(jì)的 硬件 電路及軟件程序是正確的，滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求 。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量； 霍爾傳感器 ； 單片機(jī) ； 89C51； LCD Abstract Motors, as the original machine of mechanization, electrification and automation are widely and mon used in the various areas of construction of national economy, national defense, science and technology research and materiality civilization. And it is very important in manufacturing, measuring its rotational speed bees very essential and necessary. The principles of motor speed measurements with hall sensor was described in this article and DC motor speed measurement system which is based on AT89C51 was designed, and the corresponding hardware circuit designs was also pleted accordingly. The hall sensor is connected with crankshaft by coaxial junction. Every revolution of the crankshaft will generate a certain amount of pulses whose amplitude is 12v. The optocoupler turns these certain amount of pulses into 5amplitude count impulse. The motor speed can be measured by controlling the time. In the design of display circuit, the number of motor speed is displayed in LCD directly through 1602. The motor speed measurement system and the hardware circuits, display circuit function are debugged to cooperate with the software to display and alarm users. The simulation results have proved that the hardware circuits design and software program is correct, and the system can meet the designing requirement pletely. Key Words: Motor Speed Measurement。 Hall Sensor。 Microputer。 89C51； LCD 目 錄 引言 ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1 課題設(shè)計(jì)目的和要求 .......................................................................................................... 1 霍爾測(cè)速模塊論證與選擇 ......................................................................................... 2 系統(tǒng)的組成框圖 ...................................................................................................... 2 3 硬件設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................................................. 2 霍爾傳感器 硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................. 2 A3144 霍爾開(kāi)關(guān) 的工作原理及應(yīng)用說(shuō)明 ...................................................... 3 霍爾傳感器測(cè)量原理 ..................................................................................... 4 AT89S51 芯片 介紹 ............................................................................................... 5 AT89S51 芯片主要性能特點(diǎn) ........................................................................... 5 芯片管腳介紹 ..................................................................................... 5 液晶顯示部分 ............................................................................................................. 7 電路檢測(cè)部分 ............................................................................................................. 8 L298N 驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)部分 .................................................................................................. 8 4 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................