【正文】 鄭州科技學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 題 目 12 座觀光電動(dòng)車的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生姓名 何昕 專業(yè)班級(jí) 08 級(jí)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 2 班 學(xué) 號(hào) 202133048 院 （系） 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 指導(dǎo)教師 (職稱 ) 完成時(shí)間 2021 年 5 月 15 日 12 座觀光電動(dòng)車設(shè)計(jì) I 摘 要 汽車已成為當(dāng)今人類社會(huì)不可缺少的工具，是城市居民日常生活的一部分，他可以拉動(dòng) 倍的相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)和解決 10%左右的社會(huì)總勞動(dòng)力的就業(yè)之一。汽車與人民的緊密度越來越緊，他對(duì)人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步產(chǎn)生著巨大的推動(dòng)作用，世界上汽車保有量也與日俱增。但是汽車的飛速發(fā)展和數(shù)量的日益增多給人類帶來了麻煩，尤其是影響人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的環(huán)境污染的問題和出現(xiàn)能源短缺問題。人們開始關(guān)注電動(dòng)汽車，電動(dòng)汽車可以實(shí)現(xiàn)零排放，無污染，無 噪聲。所以研究電動(dòng)汽車勢在必行。 本次設(shè)計(jì)主要研究電動(dòng)汽車的部分內(nèi)容，包括電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇，減速器差速器的設(shè)計(jì)，制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)四部分內(nèi)容?？偟乃悸肥峭ㄟ^使用變頻調(diào)速電動(dòng)機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)車輪轉(zhuǎn)速，減速器起減速增扭的作用，差速器實(shí)現(xiàn)同一軸上的兩輪在轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)以不同的速度行駛。制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是電動(dòng)汽車不可缺少的一部分，特別是旅游觀光車需要頻繁的啟停，制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)必須穩(wěn)定且剎車穩(wěn)定。 關(guān)鍵詞 旅游觀光車 /電動(dòng)汽車 /電動(dòng)機(jī) /減速器 /差速器 /制動(dòng)器 12 座觀光電動(dòng)車設(shè)計(jì) II TWELVE SIGHTSING ELECTRIC CAR ABSTRACT Cars have bee such an indispensable tool of human society, is the city residents part of daily life, he can pull times the related industrial and solve 10% of the total social Labour of one of employment. Cars and people39。s close degree more and more tight, he human society advances to such a vast role, auto possession in the world was growing. But the bus rapid development and increasing the number of brought trouble, especially the impact of human sustainable development of environmental pollution problems and appear energy shortage. People begin to pay close attention to electric cars, electric cars can realize zero emissions, no pollution, no noise. So the electric car is imperative. The main research electric car design part of the content, including the choice of motor, gear reducer of differential design, braking system design four sections. The idea is through the use of variable frequency speed regulation wheel speed motor, gear reducer increasing the role of the slow twist, differential realize the same shaft two rounds in turning to the different speed. Braking system is an indispensable part of the electric car, especially tourism car need frequent rev. Stop, braking system must be stable and braking stability. KEYWORDS ： Tourism car, The electric car ,Motor,Reducer,Differential mechanism,brake 12 座觀光電動(dòng)車設(shè)計(jì) III 目 錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................ I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. II 1 緒論 ........................................................................................................... 1 電動(dòng)汽車的概念 ............................................................................... 1 電動(dòng)車輛的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ............................................................................... 1 電動(dòng)汽車的發(fā)展 ............................................................................... 2 電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)展所面臨的問題 ............................................................ 3 電動(dòng)車輛的主要組成部分 ................................................................ 4 2 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇 ............................................................................................ 4 3 主減速器的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................ 6 總傳動(dòng)方案的確定 ........................................................................... 6 主減速器傳動(dòng)方案的確定 ................................................................ 7 減速器主要參數(shù)的確定 ................................................................... 8 減速方案 ....................................................................................................... 8 確定從動(dòng)錐齒輪的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩 ....................................................................... 9 主減速器錐齒輪基本參數(shù)的選擇 ............................................................. 10 “格里森”制主減速器錐齒輪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 ................................................. 13 主減速器錐齒輪材料的選擇 .......................................................... 15 4 差速器的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 15 差速器齒輪主要參數(shù)的選擇 .......................................................... 16 差速器傳遞形式確定 ................................................................................. 16 12 座觀光電動(dòng)車設(shè)計(jì) IV 行星齒輪和半軸齒輪齒數(shù)的選擇 ............................................................. 16 錐齒輪大端端面模數(shù) m 為 ........................................................................ 16 壓力角 ......................................................................................................... 17 行星齒輪軸直徑 d 及支撐長度 L .............................................................. 17 差速器齒輪材料選取 ................................................................................. 17 5 半軸的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 19 半軸主要的載荷工況 : .................................................................... 19 半軸計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩及桿部直徑 .............................................................. 19 強(qiáng)度校核 ......................................................................................... 20 6 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................... 20 概述 ................................................................................................. 20 盤式制動(dòng)器主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù) .............................................................. 22 制動(dòng)力矩的計(jì)算 ............................................................................. 22 制動(dòng)力的計(jì)算 ............................................................................................. 22 制動(dòng)力分配系數(shù) ......................................................................................... 24 同步附著系數(shù) ............................................................................................. 25 制動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和附著系數(shù)利用率 ....................................