【正文】 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 摘要 本科畢業(yè) 論文 題 目： 年產(chǎn) 12 萬噸合成氨轉(zhuǎn)化凈化工段工藝設(shè)計(jì) 院 系 ： 化工與制藥系 專 業(yè)： 化學(xué)工程與工藝 班 級： 化工 0901 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師： 論文提交日期： 2021 年 6 月 13 日 論文答辯時(shí)間： 2021 年 6 月 22 日 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 摘要 摘 要 氨是重要的化工基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)品之一，在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中占有重要的地位。合成氨生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)多年的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在發(fā)展成為一種成熟的化工生產(chǎn)工藝。 隨著日益嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染，全球變暖的趨勢越來越明顯，以清潔能源天然氣來制合成氨的技術(shù)在未來的幾十年仍然將占據(jù)重要地位。本文綜合介紹了以天然氣為主制合成氨各工藝的基本流程、原理、存在的問題以及各個(gè)工藝線路解決的關(guān)鍵問題。 天然氣是以甲烷為主要組成氣體，是當(dāng)今世界上公認(rèn)的清潔能源，燃燒后產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳和氮氧化合物僅為煤燃燒時(shí)的 50％和 20％污染?？梢娞烊粴馐且环N優(yōu)良的化工原料，以天然氣為資源 的化學(xué)工業(yè)越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。 設(shè)計(jì)綜述部分主要闡述了國內(nèi)外合成氨工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢，以及工藝流程。 本設(shè)計(jì)是以天然氣為原料來設(shè)計(jì)年產(chǎn)十二萬噸合成氨轉(zhuǎn)化凈化工序的工藝。采用二段爐轉(zhuǎn)化凈化法治取合成氨工藝技術(shù)。此工藝是以天然氣作為原料來進(jìn)行合成氨。結(jié)合工藝流程對低壓部分包括脫硫，一段爐轉(zhuǎn)化、二段爐轉(zhuǎn)化，高低溫變換，以及原料氣的脫碳和甲烷化來進(jìn)行精確的物料衡算和能量衡算，并且還對換熱器進(jìn)行了設(shè)備的計(jì)算。 設(shè)計(jì)介紹了合成氨合成生產(chǎn)工藝流程，著重通過對此工藝流程的物料衡算，能量衡算確定主要設(shè)備選型及工藝的后處理。近年來合成氨工業(yè)發(fā)展很快，低能耗、大型化、清潔生產(chǎn)均是合成氨設(shè)備發(fā)展的主流，技術(shù)改進(jìn)主要方向是開發(fā)性能更好的催化劑、回收和合理利用低位熱能開發(fā)新的原料氣凈化方法、降低氨合成壓力、降低燃料消耗、等方面上。 關(guān)鍵詞： 合成氨； 天然氣； 轉(zhuǎn)化； 變換； 物料衡算； 熱量衡算； 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 摘要 Abstract Ammonia is the most important one of basic chemical products, plays an important role in the national economy. Ammonia production after years of development, now has developed into a mature chemical production processes. With the increasingly severe environmental pollution， the trend that the whole earth warms up bees more and more obvious． Thus， conversion of synthetic ammonia from the natural gas which is one kind of the clean energies will still hold an important position in the following several decades． Gas of main position is methane, is recognized as a clean energy in the world today, after the bustion of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides was only 50% and 20% of the coal pollution .Natural gas is one of a kind of fine chemical raw materials, so the natural gas as the resource of the chemical industry more and more get the attention of people. The design review described some of the major domestic and international situation and the development of synthetic ammonia industry trends and technological process. The basic principle， process flow， existing problems and the key problems resolved in various process lines of the different processes by which the natural gas was converted into synthetic ammonia were prehensively introduced． The design is based on annual output of 120,000 tons of natural gas as raw material, the design of synthetic ammonia transformation process. Using the United States developed by Kellogg Company of Kellogg ammonia synthesis process. This process is based on natural gas as a raw material for synthetic ammonia. Combined process for desulfurization of low pressure parts including, one or two paragraphs into high and low temperature transformation, as well as raw materials for precise gas by methanation of carbon and energy and material balance accounting, but also the calculation of the heat exchanger equipment. Introduction of ammonia synthesis production process, highlighted by this process of material balance calculate, energy calculation confirming the main equipment selection. In recent years, the largescale industrial development soon ammonia, low energy consumption, the clean production of synthetic ammonia equipment development are the 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 摘要 main direction of technical improvement, is to develop better performance of catalyst, reducing ammonia synthesis pressure, the development of new materials gas purification methods, reduce fuel consumption, low heat recovery and reasonable utilization, etc. Keywords:SyntheticAmmonia。NaturalGas。 Transformation。 Transformation； Material balance 。 Heat Balance 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 目錄 目 錄 第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 ....................................... 1 合成氨的性質(zhì)、用途及其重要性 ........................ 1 氨的性質(zhì) ........................................ 1 氨的用途及其在國民生產(chǎn)中的作用 ................... 2 合成氨的發(fā)展技術(shù) .................................... 3 世界合成氨技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ............................. 3 國外合成氨技術(shù)概況 ............................. 4 中國合成氨技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ............................ 6 合成氨技術(shù)未 來發(fā)展趨勢 ........................... 7 成氨的工藝流程 ...................................... 8 合成氨的典型 工藝流程介紹 ......................... 8 合成氨轉(zhuǎn)化工序的工藝原理 ........................ 10 合成氨變換工序的工藝原理 ........................ 11 合成氨催化劑 ....................................... 12 催化劑合成氨的反應(yīng)機(jī)理 .......................... 12 鐵基催化劑的研究 ............................... 13 釕基合成氨催化劑 ............................... 15 母體的選擇 ..................................... 15 載體的選擇 ..................................... 15 促進(jìn)劑 ......................................... 16 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 目錄 第二章 工藝流程 ....................................... 17 工藝介紹 ........................................... 17 原料的選擇 ..................................... 17 原料的脫硫 ..................................... 17 造氣 ........................................... 19 一氧化碳變換 ................................... 21 CO2的脫除 ...................................... 23 甲烷化法微量 CO、 CO2的脫除 ...................... 24 氨合成工藝條件 ..................................... 25 壓力 ........................................... 25 溫度 ........................................... 26 空間速度 ....................................... 27 轉(zhuǎn)化