【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 塔式起重機(jī)的電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 專業(yè) 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 學(xué)生姓名 班級(jí) 學(xué)號(hào) 指導(dǎo)教師 完成日期 電氣與信息工程學(xué)院 塔式起重機(jī) 的 電氣 控制設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 ： 可編程控制器是一種為工業(yè)控制所設(shè)計(jì)的專用計(jì)算機(jī)，在各種自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。利用 PLC 對(duì)老設(shè)備進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造，是工廠提高設(shè)備利用率，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量，減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的有效途徑。在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)里 ,塔式起重機(jī)廣泛應(yīng)用于冶金、化工、船舶及其他企業(yè)，為了保證 其工作的安全可靠，需要定期測試。文中提出采用可編程控制（ PLC）技術(shù)，可以高效率、高質(zhì)量的實(shí)現(xiàn)起重機(jī)的現(xiàn)場自動(dòng)檢測。隨 著科技的進(jìn)步 , 研究可編程序控制器（ PLC）在 塔式起重機(jī) 中的控制運(yùn)用是一個(gè)非常有意義的課題。本次 課題 內(nèi)容為用可編程序控制器（ PLC）控制 塔式起重機(jī) 。主要目的是解決目前 塔式起重機(jī) 控制中存在的一些問題，合理地利用 PLC 的硬件資源和軟件資源，充分利用各種指令的簡化控制程序，做到控制程序應(yīng)盡量簡單，便于理解，并有一定的規(guī)律性以便能適合于不同控制的要求。 由于對(duì)塔式起重機(jī)的檢測需要在現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行，就要求檢測 控制設(shè)備要接線方便、便于攜帶、工作可靠、控制靈活， PLC 可以滿足這些要求。 關(guān)鍵詞： 塔式起重機(jī) ； PLC； 控制梯形圖 The Design of tower type derrick control Abstract: Programming logic controleis is a kind of an industry control design of appropriation calculator, have an extensive application in various auto control system. Make use of PLC to carry on the technique reformation to the old equipments, is the factory exaltation equipments utilization, raise the product quality and yield, ease the valid path that the worker labors modern society, Tower came has been applied different enterprise such as metallurgical industry ,chemical industry ,shipping industry and so on .In order to guarantee its work safety measures ,it must be tested at regular intervals. Onthespot automatic testing of came high efficiency and quality is achieved by programmable control technology. Tower came plays a more and more important role in a lot of places . Along with research and the advance of science and technology may programming logic controler( PLC) in tower came in control utilize is a very meaningful design content is use the programming logic controler( PLC) control a tower came . Major purpose is solution exist in present tower came control some problems, use software resource and the hardware resource of PLC reasonably, raise the safe reliability of elevator and the flexibility of operation, reduce the input export port of PLC, use the easier control program of various instructions fully, acplish control program should as far as possible simple. In order to needing to be carry on on the spot to the examination of the tower came, will beg the examination control equipments and connect line convenience,easy to take,work credibility,control vivid, PLC can satisfy these requests. Key Words: Tower came。 PLC。 P塔式起重機(jī)的電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 目 錄 1 概述 ................................................................................................................................ 1 2 塔式起重機(jī)的發(fā)展及控制現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................... 1 2． 1 塔機(jī)的發(fā)展 ............................................................................................................... 1 2． 2 傳統(tǒng)的塔式起重機(jī)的控制現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................... 2 2． 3 塔機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)塔機(jī)產(chǎn)品分類 ....................................................................................... 3 2． 4 塔機(jī)的電氣設(shè)備 ....................................................................................................... 4 2． 5 塔機(jī)的工作機(jī)構(gòu) ....................................................................................................... 4 3 PLC 的選擇與課題介紹 ................................................................................................. 5 3． 1 PLC 的發(fā)展 ............................................................................................................... 5 3． 2 PLC 的控制原理 .................................................................................................... 5 3． 3 用 PLC 控制塔機(jī)的優(yōu)越性 ..................................................................................... 6 3． 4 塔機(jī)的電氣控制設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 ...................................................................................... 7 3． 5 PLC 的選型 ............................................................................................................... 7 3． 6 塔式起重機(jī) PLC 控制系統(tǒng)原理 .............................................................................11 4 塔式起重機(jī)電氣控制的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................... 12 4． 1 塔機(jī)電動(dòng)機(jī)控制電路設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................... 12 4． 2PLC 的輸入輸出接線設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................... 13 4． 3 流程圖 .................................................................................................................. 15 5 塔式起重機(jī)控制的軟件設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................... 15 5． 1 進(jìn)退機(jī)構(gòu)工作設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................. 15 17 5． 2 左、右行機(jī)構(gòu)工作設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................... 18 5． 3 起升機(jī)構(gòu)工 作設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................. 20 5． 4 回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) ................................................................................................................ 22 5． 5 聲光指示控制設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................. 24 5． 5 限位保護(hù)閉鎖及復(fù)位操作設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................. 24 6 結(jié)束語 ........................................................................................................................ 26 參考文獻(xiàn) .......................................................................................................................... 27 附錄 .................................................................................................................................. 29 附錄 1 程序清單 ............................................................................................................. 29 附錄 2 設(shè)計(jì)圖紙