【正文】 河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 題 目 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力分析 學(xué) 院 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級(jí) 交通運(yùn)輸 07 級(jí) 2班 學(xué)生姓名 董艷輝 指導(dǎo)教師 王向中 撰寫日期： 2021 年 5 月 5 日 1 摘 要 汽車業(yè)作為一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)性強(qiáng)、需求價(jià)格彈性和收入價(jià)格彈性高、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益明顯、資金和技術(shù)密集度較高的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè) ，對(duì)整個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起到了重要拉動(dòng)作用。2021年，我國(guó)汽車?yán)塾?jì)生產(chǎn) 1300 萬輛， 同比增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)歷年最高 ， 使我國(guó)成為世界第一汽車生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)國(guó) 。同時(shí)，統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示， 2021 年我國(guó) 汽車產(chǎn)量為 1826 萬輛，比上年增長(zhǎng) 32％，占全球當(dāng)年汽車總產(chǎn)量的 ％ ， 連續(xù)第二年保持第一汽車制造大國(guó)的地位 。雖然我國(guó)的汽車業(yè)發(fā)展迅速很快，但我國(guó)汽車業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力卻還很弱小。國(guó)內(nèi)汽車制造業(yè)“增產(chǎn)不增收”的局面日漸嚴(yán)重，單車?yán)麧?rùn)呈逐年下降的態(tài)勢(shì)。汽車企業(yè)相互之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)仍然局限在低成本、低價(jià)格的層面，缺乏創(chuàng)新技術(shù)和自主品牌。在此背景下，本文從競(jìng) 爭(zhēng)力的基本理論出發(fā)，結(jié)合我國(guó)汽車整車業(yè)、汽車零部件業(yè)、汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群等方面的現(xiàn)狀，與汽車業(yè)先進(jìn)國(guó)家進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，對(duì)我國(guó)汽車業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力狀況做了相對(duì)客觀的評(píng)價(jià)并提出了一系列提高我國(guó)汽車業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的措施。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：汽車業(yè)；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力；現(xiàn)狀；措施 2 Competitive Analysis of Domestic Auto Industry Abstract As strong industry relevance, higher price elasticity of demand and price elasticity of ine, significant economies of scale, higher capital and technologyintensive degree in modern industry, automotive industry plays a very important role in driving to the development of the entire national economy. In 2021, China39。s total production of 13 million vehicles, an increase of a record high, makes China the world39。s automobile production and the consumer. Meanwhile, statistics show that China39。s auto output in 2021 was 18,260,000, an increase of 32% of the world % of total automobile output that year, the second consecutive year to maintain the status of the first automobile manufacturing country. Although China39。s auto industry is developing rapidly, the petitiveness of China39。s automobile industry is still very weak. The domestic auto industry, increasing output without increasing situation bees more serious, cycling profits showing a declining trend. Competition among auto panies is still limited to lowcost, low price level, lack of innovation and independent brands. In this context, this article makes a contractive analysis to the industry in advanced countries from the basic theory of petition, bined with China39。s automobile industry, the auto parts industry, automobile industry cluster and so the status quo。 makes a relatively objective condition assessment on the petitiveness of China’s automobile industry and proposes a series of measures to improve the petitiveness of China’s automobile industry. Key Words： Auto Industry； Competitiveness； Status； Measures 1 目 錄 1 引言 .................................................................................................................................... 1 2 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力評(píng)價(jià)的基本理論 .................................................................................................... 1 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的涵義及特征 ..................................................................................................... 1 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的涵義 .............................................................................................................. 1 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的特征 .............................................................................................................. 2 產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的內(nèi)涵 ................................................................................................. 3 產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的涵義 .............................................................................................. 4 產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的內(nèi)涵 .............................................................................................. 4 3 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的現(xiàn)狀及分析 .................................................................................... 5 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車整車業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................... 5 汽車產(chǎn)銷量增長(zhǎng)迅猛 .................................................................................................. 5 整車出口高速增長(zhǎng) ...................................................................................................... 5 中國(guó)汽車整車業(yè)存在的問題 ....................................................................................... 6 中國(guó)汽車零部件業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................. 6 中國(guó)汽車零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)取得突破性進(jìn)展 ...................................................................... 6 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的問題 .............................................................................. 8 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................. 9 國(guó)產(chǎn)各區(qū)域汽車業(yè)集群現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................... 10 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車業(yè)集群存在的問題 .................................................................................... 12 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的國(guó)際比較 ................................................................................... 12 對(duì)日本汽車業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的分析 .................................................................................... 12 中國(guó)汽車業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的分析 ........................................................................................ 14 4 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力低的原因 .......................................................................................... 15 自主開發(fā)能力差 ............................................................................................................ 15 相關(guān) 產(chǎn)業(yè)落后 ............................................................................................................... 16 產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部發(fā)展不均衡 ................................................................................................... 16 汽車銷售模式不成熟 ................................................................................................... 16 需求開發(fā)不足 ............................................................................................................... 17 產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)不合理 ........................................................................................................ 17 2 產(chǎn)品價(jià)格過高 ............................................................................................................ 17 派生需求產(chǎn)品如油價(jià)居高不下 ................................................................................ 17