【正文】 理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 塔式起重機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)平衡監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 生： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 理工學(xué)院機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 二 O 一三 年六月 摘 要 隨著 近年來高層建筑的興起，塔機(jī)在現(xiàn)代化建筑施工過程中起著作用越來越大的作用，并且不斷向智能化、大型化方向發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，塔式起重機(jī)事故也在頻繁發(fā)生，塔機(jī)事故已成為威脅建筑施工安全的重要隱患之一。為使塔式起重機(jī)安全運(yùn)行減少因事 故造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)及人員損失，研究開發(fā)一種塔式起重機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)有著極其重要的工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文對(duì)塔式起重機(jī)平衡監(jiān)控技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究，并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了基于單片機(jī)的塔式起重機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。本文對(duì)塔式起重機(jī)工作原理及其監(jiān)控需求進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述，分析了國內(nèi)外塔式起重機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀。然后，對(duì)塔式起重機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。本課題的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用角度傳感器、 鞘式 重量 傳感器、絕對(duì)式光電編碼器 等，通過創(chuàng)新的安裝方式，提高了塔機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)平衡監(jiān)控的技術(shù)性能。 關(guān)鍵詞 :塔式起重機(jī) 。平衡檢測 。單片機(jī) 。傳感器 II ABSTRACT With the develop of the architecture industry, the structure of tower cranes has been developed toward higher, bigger and intelligent. At the same time, the tower crane accidents also occur frequently. It can be said tower crane Accident has bee a major threat to the safety of building construction. For the tower crane safe operation, reducing the accident caused by the economic loss and personnel. Research and development of an intelligent monitoring system of tower crane has important engineering application. This paper studied the technology of tower crane, and on this basis, design and development of tower crane monitoring system based on MCU. This paper firstly detail the tower crane working principle and control demand, analysis of domestic and international monitoring system of tower crane, Secondly, design of the tower crane monitoring system. The subject with the advanced control system from the angle sensor, shaft pin sensor, absolute photoelectric encoder, through innovative methods to install, improved tower crane safety monitoring of technical performance. Keywords: Tower crane。 balanced detection。 MCU。 transducer III 目錄 摘 要 .................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................................II 目錄 .................................................................................................................................... 3 第 1 章 緒論 ....................................................................................................................... 3 課題研究 背景和意義 ................................................................................................. 3 塔式起重機(jī)簡介 ........................................................................................................ 2 塔式起重機(jī)特點(diǎn) .................................................................................................. 2 塔式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)及其工作原理 ............................................................................ 2 塔式起重機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)研究概況 .................................................................................. 3 國際研究概況 ..................................................................................................... 3 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................... 4 塔機(jī)監(jiān)控的發(fā)展趨勢 .......................................................................................... 4 課題主要研究內(nèi)容 .............................................................................................. 5 論文解決的問題 ................................................................................................. 5 第 2 章系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................... 6 監(jiān)控方案設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................ 6 監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)信息處理單元分析 ............................................................................... 6 監(jiān)控結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 7 塔機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)傳感器設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 7 傾角傳感器的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 7 稱重 傳感器設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 8 小車變幅測量 ................................................................................................... 10 力矩傳感器設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 11 第 3 章系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................ 13 系統(tǒng)硬件方案確定和主要芯片選型 ......................................................................... 13 單片機(jī)的選擇 ................................................................................................... 13 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇 ............................................................................................. 15 2 外部存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展 ............................................................................................ 15 系統(tǒng)硬件總體設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................... 16 電源模塊設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................... 17 模擬信號(hào)采集保持電路 ..................................................................................... 17 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ............................................................................................................ 18 開關(guān)量輸入通道電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 18 后向通道的配置 ................................................................................................ 19 按鍵掃描電路 ................................................................................................... 20 液晶顯示模塊的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................