【正文】 1 The analysis of Eliot’s use of contrast art in his poem the Waste Land Contents 摘 要 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Abstract?????????????????????? Introduction????????????????????? Ⅰ Contrast in Themes???????????????? Contrast Between Death and Life .1 The state of death in the waste land The Spiritual Death of the Waste Land The regeneration derived from the death Contrast Between Love and Lust Ⅱ Contrast in Images Contrast in the Symbolic Meaning of Water The Dying State Caused by Water Shortage in The Life Signal Originated from Water Contrast Between the Symbolic Meaning of Fire The Destructive Meaning of Fire Fire of Refining in the WasteLand Contrast in the Symbolic Meaning of Season Images The contrast meaning of spring The Contrast Meaning of Summer and Winter 2 Conclusion Bibliography 摘 要 在荒原一詩中，艾略特熟練的運(yùn)用了隱喻，象征，對(duì)比等多種手法，而對(duì)比藝術(shù)的運(yùn)用更為突出。本文將著重從主題的對(duì)比和意象 的借助來探討和論證這些對(duì)比在整首詩中所起的舉足輕重的作用。借助以上兩個(gè)方面的描寫，在艾略特向讀者展示了一幅生動(dòng)形象的現(xiàn)代文明的荒蕪的畫面及現(xiàn)代人的精神荒原，并從中探尋了荒原形成的原因和拯救荒原的途徑，從而反映了詩人整治荒原，使腐朽的現(xiàn)代西方文明獲得新生的強(qiáng)烈渴望和希冀。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：荒原 對(duì)比 主題 意象 Abstract In the waste land, Eliot skillfully uses allusions, symbols and contrasts, of which the contrast art is more significant and effective. So I set my analysis on the contrast art used in the waste land, This thesis is divided into two chapters to analyze the contrast technique used in two aspects in the poem: contrast in themes and in images. And this thesis mainly focuses on the prominent role the contrast technique plays in the poem. Through the use of contrast art, Eliot paints the readers a vivid picture of the barren modern civilization and modern man?s spiritual waste land, and he also points out the causes of the waste land and ways of its salvation, which shows the poet?s eager desire and hope for the regeneration of the waste land. Key words: waste land contrast theme image 3 Introduction As one of the major founders modernism and a chief figure in New Criticism, . Eliot has greatly influenced the development of modern British and American poetry and set the way poems were read and taught for nearly half a century .. Eliot succeeds in many careers :critic, playwright ,philosopher and first of all an excellent and successful poet. Eliot?s poetry are noted for its fresh visual image, its flexible tone and highly expressive rhythm with the publication of the waste land ,which revealing as it does the spiritual crisis of postwar Europe, read like the manifesto of the “Lost Generation ” and established Eliot?s position as the leader .not of new American poetry ,but of a whole generation of writers later to be identified as “waste land Painters ” like Hemingway and Faulkner. The waste land which was regarded the manifesto of Modernism was drafted during a great cure at Margate and Lausance in the autumn of Ezra Pound?s caesarean operation, the original manuscript was reduced to about half its size. On its first appearance in 1922 in the Criterion and later in the Dial, the waste land opened a new door for modern poetry although there were controversial ideas towards the poem. Some weled it as the model of modernism ,which reflects the subtlety of modern art and plexity of modern world. Some denied it as a great disaster, but the waste land does exemplify in many ways the experiment of the modern movement .With its many sudden transitions and implication, allusions and the frequent use of several foreign languages. Eliot placed before his 4 readers a poem of fragments without apparent thematic clarity . A waste land ,is a desert on any place inhospitable to life. It?s a symbol of the dryness and place inhospitable spirit. . Eliot interprets the contemporary situation in Europe and The United States as one of moral and cultural decay .Eliot alludes to the myth of the Holy Grail to suggest a mysterious but particular analyge between the waste land brought about by the wounding of the Fisher King and the sterile existence of modern waste land produced by the destructive world war two. The poem ,though it may look like an arbitrary assemblage does prise five distinct sections in a sequence : The Burial of the Dead, A Game of Chess ,The Fire Sermon ,Death by Water and What the Thunder Said. In the poem ,Eliot employs many devices such as streams of consciousness writing sudden switches of scene as film clips, motifs from classical and medieval myth. All these make the poem so great and original and at the same time a little difficult to read. The poem is also characterized by an abundant use of allusions and symbols , wellarranged contrasts, many voices and shifting tones. Among all of these devices ,the contrast technique stands out prominently. In some aspects as themes and images is skillfully used by Eliot in the poem. Each of above elements contributes a lot to the success and greatness of the poem , of which the contrast art seems to be more significant and effective. But up to now, fewer ments have been made on this aspect than on other aspects of the poem. This motivates me and makes me focus n this technique. In the following chapters, I will unfold my analysis from two angles :contrast in themes, and 5 contrast in the symbolic meaning of images .Though my analysis, I hope to help those readers who have difficulty in understanding this poem so as to make them have a better prehension of Eliot?s poetry through my humble effort. Ⅰ Contrast in Themes The waste land is a poem concerned with the spiritual break up of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning significance and purpose .The poem has developed a whole set of historical cultural religious themes, but it is often regard as being primarily a reflection of peopl