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( 2021 屆) 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)資料 題 目 名 稱: 基于 AT89C52 單片的步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院(部): 電氣與信息工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè): 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 學(xué) 生 姓 名: 班 級(jí): 學(xué)號(hào) 指導(dǎo)教師姓名: 職稱 最終評(píng)定成績: 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)教務(wù)處 2021 屆 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)資料 第一部分 畢業(yè)論文 ( 2021 屆) 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 學(xué) 院(部): 電氣與信息工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè): 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 學(xué) 生 姓 名: 班 級(jí): 學(xué)號(hào) 指導(dǎo)教師姓名: 職稱 最終評(píng)定成績 2021年 6 月 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) I 摘 要 步進(jìn)電機(jī)從誕生以來發(fā)展迅速,它廣泛應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療設(shè)備、檢測儀器、數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品等人類社會(huì)的各個(gè)方面。本文設(shè)計(jì)的步進(jìn)電機(jī)是基于單片機(jī) AT89C52 控制,四相單四拍運(yùn)行。單片機(jī)采用軟件的方式發(fā)送脈沖,經(jīng)過驅(qū)動(dòng)器 74LS245 將信號(hào)放大后送給步進(jìn)電機(jī)。采用兩個(gè)按鍵分別控制電機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn), 兩個(gè)按鍵分別控制電機(jī)的加減速,兩個(gè)數(shù)碼管分別顯示電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)向和速度檔位。通過改變相鄰兩相脈沖發(fā)送的時(shí)間間隔,即調(diào)節(jié)脈沖的寬度,來改變電機(jī)的速度。 控制正反轉(zhuǎn)的按鍵采用查詢方式??刂萍訙p速的按鍵采用中斷服務(wù)控制方式,一旦有加速或者減速鍵按下就會(huì)產(chǎn)生中斷,單片機(jī)就會(huì)立即進(jìn)入中斷程序,進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的操作。這樣可以很方便的控制電機(jī)的加減速。另外,數(shù)碼管實(shí)時(shí)顯示電機(jī)的速度和方向,讓用戶使用起來更加直觀和安全。基于脈沖的控制,使步進(jìn)電機(jī)相比其它電機(jī)而言控制更加平穩(wěn)和精 確。相信步進(jìn)電機(jī)的發(fā)展會(huì)越來越快,技術(shù)也會(huì)越來越成熟,步進(jìn)電機(jī)將更好的造福于人類。 關(guān)鍵詞: 步進(jìn)電機(jī),單片機(jī),中斷服務(wù),脈沖 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) II ABSTRACT Stepper motor has been developing rapidly since it’s birth, it is widely used in medical equipment, testing instruments, digital products and other various aspects of human society. Stepper motor of this design is based on single chip microputer AT89C52, and it is running by four phase four. It send pulses with the method of software, the message will be sended to stepper motor through the amplification by 74 ls245. We Use two muttons controing the motor forwarding and reversing, two buttons controlling the motor accelerating and decelerating,two digital tube display ing the direction and the gears of speed of the motor. By changing the interval between the pulses of two phase of neighbouring, namely, by adjusting the width of pulse, we change the speed of the motor. We control the two buttons of forwarding and reversing by the way of querying. We use the way of Interrupt service controlling the buttons of accelerating and decelerating. once the acceleration or deceleration keys has been pressed the single chip microputer will generate interrupts, and it will enter the interrupting program immediately, and do the corresponding this way,we will control the motor accelerating and decelerating ,digital tube can display the speed and direction of the motor immediately,which woud make the user intuitive and stepper moror which based on the controlling of pulse are more steady and correct pared with belive that the diveloping of stepper motor will be faster,and the technology will be moer a word,the stepper motor will service people better in the future. Keywords: Stepper motor,single chip microputer,interrupting service,pulse 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) III 目 錄 摘 要 .....................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒 論 ................................................................................................. 1 課題背景 ................................................................................................. 1 本文研究的內(nèi)容 ..................................................................................... 1 第 2 章 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理 ....................................................... 2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的特點(diǎn) ..................................................................................... 2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的構(gòu)造 ..................................................................................... 2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工作原理 ............................................................................. 3 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的主要參數(shù) ............................................................................. 4 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選型 ..................................................................................... 5 第 3 章 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................... 5 單片機(jī)簡介 ............................................................................................. 5 硬件設(shè)計(jì)總體思路 ............................................................................... 10 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的脈沖分配 ........................................................................... 10 硬件分配法 ............................................................................... 11 軟件分配法 ............................................................................... 12 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng) ................................................................................... 12 電機(jī)運(yùn)行電路設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................... 14 正反轉(zhuǎn)電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 14 加減速電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 14 顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 15 第 4 章 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................... 16 主程序設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................... 16 外部中斷 0程序 ................................................................................... 18 外部中斷 1程序 ................................................................................... 19 正轉(zhuǎn)脈沖 程序 .................................................................................