【正文】 年處理 萬噸乙醇 水連續(xù)篩板精餾塔設(shè)計 摘 要 乙醇 水是工業(yè)上最常見的溶劑，也是非常重要的化工原料之一，是無色、無毒、無致癌性、污染性和腐蝕性小的液體混合物。但是由于乙醇 水體系有共沸現(xiàn)象，普通的精餾對于得到高純度的乙醇。因此，研究和改進乙醇 水體系的精餾設(shè)備是非常必要的。本設(shè)計基于精餾的原理，查閱乙醇 水體系的相關(guān)物性參數(shù)，對精餾裝置進行設(shè)計 .而這一設(shè)計過程中的主要內(nèi)容有 :物料衡算，熱量衡算，塔體工藝設(shè)計，塔板工藝設(shè)計，塔附屬設(shè)備設(shè)計以及部分機械設(shè)計。 本次設(shè)計篩板塔是化工生產(chǎn)中主要的氣液傳 質(zhì)設(shè)備。此設(shè)計針對二元物系的精餾問題進行分析、選取、計算、核算、繪圖等，是較完整的精餾設(shè)計過程，該設(shè)計方法被工程技術(shù)人員廣泛應(yīng)用。精餾設(shè)計包括設(shè)計方案的選取，精餾裝置設(shè)計和核算的結(jié)果中，塔高 ，塔徑 ，塔板數(shù) 24 塊，精餾段 10 塊，提餾段 14 塊，進料的塔板數(shù)是第 5 塊， 最 小回流比是 ，板間距 , 提餾段 ,堰長 ，相對揮發(fā)度精餾段 ，提餾段 ，人孔直徑 。工藝參數(shù)的選定泡點進料，泡點回流。設(shè)備的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和工藝尺寸的設(shè)計計算，輔 助設(shè)備的選型，工藝流程圖，主要設(shè)備的工藝條件圖等內(nèi)容。通過對精餾塔的運算，可以得出精餾塔的各種設(shè)計如塔的工藝流程、生產(chǎn)操作條件及物性參數(shù)是合理的，各種接管尺寸是合理的，以保證精餾過程的順利進行并使效率可能的提高。經(jīng)過流體力學(xué)驗算，滿足設(shè)計要求。 本設(shè)計的多數(shù)接管管徑取大，為了能使塔有一定操作彈性，允許氣體液體流量增大，所以采取大于工藝尺寸所需的管徑。 關(guān)鍵詞：乙醇 水；精餾塔設(shè)計； 篩板塔 ；工藝要求 Annual Processing Capacity of the Design of 12021 Tons of Ethanol Eater Continuous Sieve Plate Distillation Tower Abstract: Ethanol water industry is the most mon solvent, is also an important chemical raw materials, is a colorless, nontoxic, no carcinogenicity, pollution and corrosion of liquid mi xtures. Due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, widely used in the national economy in many sectors, in recent years, due to rising fuel prices, ethanol fuel are increasingly replacing traditional fuel trend. But as a result of ethanol water system with azeotropic phenomenon, ordinary distillation to obtain high purity ethanol. Therefore, to study and improve the ethanolwater distillation equipment is very necessary. Based on the design of rectification principle, consult the ethanol water system of the relevant physical parameters, the rectification device design. This design process, the main contents are: material balance, heat balance, the tower body column plate process design, process design, tower equipment design as well as some mechanical design. The design of sieve plate tower in the chemical production is mainly of gasliquid mass transfer equipment. The design for the two yuan of property of the distillation problem analysis, selection, calculation, calculation, drawing, is a plete distillation design process, the design method has been widely used in engineering and technical personnel. Distillation design including design plan selection, distillation device design and calculation results, tower , tower diameter , plate number 24, rectification section 10, a stripping section 14, feeding the plate number is fifth, small reflux ratio ， plate spacing weir high rectifying section , stripping section , weir long , relative volatility and distillation section , a stripping section , manhole diameter . Process parameter selection of bubble point feeding, bubble point return. Equipment structure design and process dimensions of the design calculation, equipment selection, process flow, main equipment conditions of content. Through the distillation tower operation, can draw the distillation tower design such as the tower process flow, operation conditions and physical property parameters is reasonable, all kinds of pipe size is reasonable, to ensure the rectification process smoothly and make efficiency may be improved. After the fluid mechanics calculation, to meet the design requirements. The design of most pipe diameter and big, in order to make the tower has certain elasticity of operation, allowing the flow of gas and liquid increases, so take more than size desired diameter. Keywords: ethanol water。 distillation tower design。 distillation tower design of sieve plate tower。 technical requirements 目 錄 1 精餾操作在化工生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用 1 精餾的原理 2 操作條件的選擇 2 操作壓強 2 進料狀況 2 加熱和冷凝 2 熱能利用 2 2 設(shè)計方案及計算 3 進料方式 3 流程說明 3 設(shè)計方案 4 精餾塔的物料衡算 4 原料液及塔頂、塔底產(chǎn)品的摩爾分率 4 原料及塔頂、塔底產(chǎn)品的平均摩爾質(zhì)量 5 物料衡算 5 塔溫的確定 5 塔頂與塔底的平均溫度下的揮發(fā)度 6 操作線的確 定 18