【正文】 武漢工程大學本科畢業(yè)設計 I 摘 要 本文綜述了 PVC 的生產(chǎn)方法，確定了電石乙炔法為本設計的工藝路線， 懸浮 聚合 法 為生產(chǎn) 聚氯乙烯 的聚合方法 。 通過物料衡算、熱量衡算和設備計算等確定了年產(chǎn) 1 萬噸 PVC樹脂的主要設備的設計參數(shù)，評述了本生產(chǎn)工藝的安全與環(huán)保，及技術經(jīng)濟。根據(jù)設計結果，繪制了工藝流程圖，車間平面布置圖，和聚合釜裝置圖等。 通 過本次設計 ， 了解了化工工藝生產(chǎn)的各個環(huán)節(jié)和實施步驟 ， 掌握了化工設計的基本程序和方法 。 關鍵詞 ：聚氯乙烯； 生產(chǎn)工藝 ； 懸浮聚合法； 經(jīng)濟技術 武漢工程大學本科畢業(yè)設計 II Abstract This article provided an overview of polyvinyl chloride polymer production method and identified calcium carbide acetylene method for the design of the route, method for the production of polyvinyl chloride polymer polymerization by suspension polymerization method. Through calculation of material balance, energy accounting and equipment to determine an annual output of 10,000 tons of main design parameters of the equipment of polyvinyl chloride polymer resin. Meanwhile, it reviews the production safety and environmental protection and technical economy. According to design results, process flow diagrams, workshop floor plans, and polymerization reactor unit figures were drawn. As a result of this practice, we have a better understanding of chemical processes in the various segments of the production and implementation of steps to master the basic design of chemical processes and methods. Keywords: Polyvinyl chloride polymer。 Process design。 Suspension polymerization。 Technical economy 武漢工程大學本科畢業(yè)設計 III 目 錄 摘 要 .......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................II 第一章 文獻綜述 ......................................................................................................................... 1 聚氯乙烯的性質 ............................................................................................................... 1 聚氯乙烯的主要用途 ....................................................................................................... 2 聚氯乙烯工業(yè)的重要性 ................................................................................................... 3 國內外聚氯乙烯發(fā)展概況 ............................................................................................... 4 國外聚氯乙烯發(fā)展動態(tài)及趨勢 ............................................................................. 4 國內聚氯乙烯發(fā)展動態(tài)及趨勢 ............................................................................. 5 第二章 設計方案論述 ................................................................................................................. 6 VCM 生產(chǎn)路線的選擇 ...................................................................................................... 6 電石法生產(chǎn)路線 ..................................................................................................... 6 乙烯法生產(chǎn)路線 ..................................................................................................... 7 兩種生產(chǎn)路線的評價 ............................................................................................. 8 聚合方法選擇 ................................................................................................................... 9 本體聚合 ................................................................................................................. 9 溶液聚合 ............................................................................................................... 10 乳液聚合 ............................................................................................................... 10 懸浮聚合 ............................................................................................................... 10 四種聚合方法比較 ............................................................................................... 11 聚合機理 ......................................................................................................................... 11 自由基聚合機理 ................................................................................................... 11 鏈反應動力學原理 ............................................................................................... 12 成粒機理 ............................................................................................................... 13 影響聚合產(chǎn)品質量的因素 ............................................................................................. 13 聚合工藝 ............................................................................................................... 13 配方體系 ............................................................................................................... 14 聚合反應的輔助時間 ........................................................................................... 15 防粘釜技術 ..................................................................................................................... 15 粘釜的形成原因 ................................................................................................... 15 聚合釜的防粘技術 ............................................................................................... 16 方案總述 ......................................................................................................................... 16 第三章 工藝計算 ....................................................................................................................... 18 物料衡算 ......................................................................................................................... 18 原料用量計算 ....................................................................................................... 18 各工段物料衡算 ................................................................................................... 20 熱量衡算 .........................................................................................................................