【正文】 I 摘 要 對于石油化工等行業(yè)，管式加熱爐是使用最普遍的加熱設(shè)備。在石油加工的各項(xiàng)工作之中，管式加熱爐都起著重要作用。使用管式加熱爐技術(shù)，除了可以降低生產(chǎn)成本外 ,還能夠有效地節(jié)約能源。但在當(dāng)今節(jié)能減排的大形勢之下，管式加熱爐的耗能過大缺點(diǎn)還是日顯突出。在本設(shè)計(jì)中，通過優(yōu)化管式加熱爐的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，并根據(jù)裝置的操作情況和特點(diǎn)制定出一套改善方案，來提高管式加熱爐的熱效率，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能作用。本設(shè)計(jì)適用于使用常減壓工藝技術(shù)的管式加熱爐，通過對整個(gè)工藝過程的仔細(xì)分析，及對各種優(yōu)化方案的選擇，最終確定了使用兩臺(tái)輻射 對流型圓筒加熱爐共同工作的設(shè)計(jì)方案。除此之外，通過對管式加熱爐的工藝進(jìn)行計(jì)算，包括輻射室及對流室的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸、燃料用量、爐內(nèi)壓力等參數(shù)的計(jì)算，以達(dá)到管式加熱爐結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)選的目的。通過使用螺桿膨脹機(jī)以實(shí)現(xiàn)煙氣余熱二次利用，進(jìn)一步提高熱效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)能源的節(jié)約。 關(guān)鍵詞： 熱效率；結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)選；輻射 —對流型加熱爐；余熱二次利用 II Abstract Tube heating furnace is the most widely used heating equipment in the petrochemical industry. Tube heating furnace play a most significant role in the works of petroleum processing. Using the technology of Tube heating furnace can not only reduce the cost of production, but also can reserve energy effectively .however， in the trend of saving energy nowadays, the drawbacks of Tube heating furnace that it cost so much energy bees more and more obvious each day . In this design, I made a optimized plan by optimizing the Overall Structure of Tube heating furnace and also according to operating conditions and characteristics of the device. With the help of the optimized plan, we can rise the thermal efficiency of Tube heating furnace ,and then reach the goal of Energy conservation. The tube heating furnace in this design is applied to the atmosphericvacuum technology， after a careful analysis of the entire process and the choices of a variety of optimizations, I finally made the bined operation scheme of two sets of radiationconvection cylindrical heating furnaces. Besides, in the process calculation of the tube furnace, which include the calculation of the structural dimensions of the radiation chamber and convection room, the calculation of furnace pressure, the calculation of fuel consumption, to reach the appointment of optimizing the structure of Tube heating furnace. By using the screw expander as the waste heat recycling equipment of flue gas can improve thermal efficiency and saves energy much better. III Key words: Thermal efficiency 。structure optimizing。 Radiationconvection type heating furnace。 heat Recycling 1 目 錄 摘要 .................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ............................................................................................................................ II 1 引 言 ............................................................................................................................. 1 課題的選擇依據(jù)及其意義 ................................................................................. 1 當(dāng)今國內(nèi)外煉化加熱爐的節(jié)能技術(shù)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展 ..................................... 1 當(dāng)今國內(nèi)外煉化加熱爐的節(jié)能技術(shù)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀 ....................................... 1 我國煉化加熱爐節(jié) 能技術(shù)的應(yīng)用情況 ................................................... 2 管式加熱爐節(jié)能技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢 ............................................................ 3 節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)的新型技術(shù) .......................................................................................... 3 確定設(shè)計(jì)方案 ..................................................................................................... 4 2 管式加熱爐工藝計(jì)算 ................................................................................................... 5 計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)熱負(fù)荷及加熱爐選型 ......................................................................... 5 計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)熱負(fù)荷 ....................................................................................... 5 燃燒過程計(jì)算 ..................................................................................................... 7 計(jì)算燃料的熱值 ........................................................................................ 8 計(jì)算理論空氣量 ....................................................................................... 9 選取過?？諝庀禂?shù)及加熱爐排煙溫度 ................................................... 9 計(jì)算加熱爐熱設(shè)計(jì)效率 ......................................................................... 10 燃料氣用量 ............................................................................................. 11 計(jì)算煙氣流量 ......................................................................................... 12 2 輻射室熱力計(jì)算 ............................................................................................... 12 估算輻射段熱負(fù)荷 ................................................................................. 13 選取輻射室爐管表面熱強(qiáng)度 ................................................................. 14 估算輻射室爐管管壁溫度 ..................................................................... 15 計(jì)算輻射室爐管加熱表面積 ................................................................. 16 確定輻射室爐管管程數(shù)、管徑及管心距 ............................................. 17 輻射室爐體尺寸 ............................................................................................... 18 輻射爐管的節(jié)圓直徑、有效長度 ......................................................... 18 輻射爐管根數(shù) ......................................................................................... 19 輻射段爐膛直徑 ..................................................................................... 19 輻射段爐膛高度 ..................................................................................... 20 對流室爐體尺寸 ................................................................................................ 21 對流室爐管管徑、管心距 ..................................................................... 21 對流室 爐管管長及對流室寬度 ............................................................. 21 輻射段傳熱核算 ............................................................................................... 25 當(dāng)量冷平面 ............................................................................................. 25 總輻射交換因數(shù) ..................................................................................... 26 輻射段熱平衡 .........................