【正文】 基于單片機(jī)的計(jì)算機(jī)解耦控制硬件設(shè)計(jì)和軟件開發(fā) 學(xué) 院 專 業(yè) 班 級(jí) 學(xué) 號(hào) 姓 名 指導(dǎo)教師 負(fù)責(zé)教師 沈陽(yáng)航空 航天大學(xué) 2020 年 6 月沈陽(yáng)航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） I 摘 要 解耦控制是最新型的控制方法之一，眾所周知，生產(chǎn)過(guò)程是一種有序的過(guò)程，各環(huán)節(jié)環(huán)環(huán)相扣，變量間關(guān)系復(fù)雜，一個(gè)過(guò)程變量的波動(dòng)往往會(huì)影響多個(gè)變量的變化，耦合是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中普遍存在的現(xiàn)象。變量間相互干涉的現(xiàn)象稱為耦合，消除這種耦合稱為解耦。 本文以 STC89C52 單片機(jī)為平臺(tái)，將解 耦控制應(yīng)用到耦合系統(tǒng)中，這個(gè)耦合系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)自己設(shè)計(jì)的雙輸入雙輸出的耦合系統(tǒng)。在設(shè)計(jì)中我們首先使用解耦控制實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)解耦，然后對(duì)解耦后的系統(tǒng)使用 PID 控制來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)系統(tǒng)的控制。使用 STC89C52單片機(jī)芯片作為核心的控制芯片，所有的控制部分都在芯片內(nèi)以軟件的形式運(yùn)行，系統(tǒng) 結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，功能強(qiáng)大，能夠滿足解耦控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)需求。 關(guān)鍵 發(fā) 詞 ： PID 控制； 解耦控制；耦合系統(tǒng)。 基于單片機(jī)的計(jì)算機(jī)解耦控制硬件設(shè)計(jì)與軟件開發(fā) II Hardware design and software development for puter decoupling control Based on MCU Abstract Decoupling control is one of the most advanced control in modern control theories . It is well known that industrial proceeding is viewed as orderly and interactive process. One fluctuated variable may touch other variables. Cooping is a widespread phenomenon in industrial proceeding. Variables interact each other, giving rise to the degraded property of adjusted system. We call this progress decoupling which curtails or eliminates the obnoxious interacting. The paper decoupling controller theory into practice on base of STC89C52 microcontroller device as the platform. The actual decoupling system is a coupled system of a dualinput dualoutput design by myself .We use the decoupling control system decoupled， and then have adopted PID control to implement basic control. We used STC89C52 single chip as the core of the controller chip, all control functions is achieved by STC in the form of software running. The system is simple, powerful, and able to achieve the design requirements of the decoupling control system. Keywords: PID control。 decoupling control。 coupled system. 沈陽(yáng)航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） III 目 錄 1 緒論 ................................................................................................................................... 1 課題研究背景與意義 ................................................................................................. 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及其發(fā)展 ......................................................................................... 2 本文主要工作 ............................................................................................................. 5 本文的設(shè)計(jì)平臺(tái)簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................. 5 本文的主要內(nèi)容 ......................................................................................................... 5 本章小結(jié) ..................................................................................................................... 6 2 基于單片機(jī)的計(jì)算機(jī)解耦控制的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 ........................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)基本概述 ............................................................................................................. 7 系統(tǒng)基本要求 ............................................................................................................. 7 系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行解耦控制的條件 ................................................................................. 7 系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)框架及其實(shí)現(xiàn) ......................................................................................... 8 系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)流程圖 ..................................................................................................... 8 STC89C52 單片機(jī)介紹 ............................................................................................. 11 單片機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)介 .................................................................................................... 11 STC89C52 的主要性能參數(shù) .............................................................................. 11 STC89C52 內(nèi)部配置 .......................................................................................... 14 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................................... 15 3 基于單片機(jī)的計(jì)算機(jī)解耦控制的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................. 16 耦合系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................... 16 單一運(yùn)算放大器模塊 ........................................................................................ 16 耦合系統(tǒng)的連接構(gòu)成 ........................................................................................ 17 單片機(jī)解耦系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................... 18 D/A 轉(zhuǎn)換硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................. 18 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換硬件設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 19 數(shù)碼管顯示硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................ 19 STC89C52 硬件連接設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................. 20 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................................... 21 基于單片機(jī)的計(jì)算機(jī)解耦控制硬件設(shè)計(jì)與軟件開發(fā) IV 4 基于單片機(jī)的計(jì)算機(jī)解耦控制的軟件開發(fā) ................................................................. 22 單片機(jī) PID 控制部分軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................... 22 PID 控制原理 ...................................................................................................... 22 數(shù)字 PID 控制器的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................... 22 數(shù)字 PID 控制器的軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)流程 .................................................................... 23 單片機(jī)解耦部分軟件設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................... 25 解耦控制原理 .................................................................................................... 25 數(shù)字解耦控制算法 ............................................................................................ 26 數(shù)字解耦控制算法的軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)流程 ................................................................ 28 單片機(jī) D/A 轉(zhuǎn)換部分軟件設(shè)計(jì)