【正文】 黃石理 工學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） I 摘 要 概述了各類汽車蓄電池的工作原理及發(fā)展現(xiàn)以 及廢舊蓄電池對(duì)人類環(huán)境的危害，通過(guò)與美日等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家鉛蓄電池產(chǎn)業(yè)的 對(duì)比分析了我國(guó)鉛蓄電池產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展存在的主要問(wèn)題展望和分析了國(guó)內(nèi)鉛蓄電 池產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展前景和趨勢(shì) ,國(guó)內(nèi)外處理廢舊蓄電池的方式，以及國(guó)內(nèi)外一些 蓄電池的新技術(shù)，如：環(huán)境友好型蓄電池、燃料電池。以及對(duì)未來(lái)蓄電池做 一些展望。 關(guān)鍵詞：汽車蓄電池 ?，F(xiàn)狀 。發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ?；厥绽?； 環(huán)境友好型蓄電池；燃料電池；未來(lái)蓄電池 黃石理 工學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） II Abstract An overview of all types of car batteries and the working principle of the development and the waste batteries on the human environment, with the developed countries such as Japan lead storage battery industry parative analysis of accumulator of our country lead industry development existing problems analysis and forecast of domestic battery industry development prospect and trend at home and abroad, treatment of waste battery way at home and abroad, as well as some battery new technology, such as : the environment friendly battery, fuel cell. As well as the future of battery to do some prospect. Key words : car battery。 present situation。 development trend。 treatment and recovery environmental friendly battery。 fuel cell。 future battery 黃石理 工學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） III 目錄 第一章概述 .....................................................................................................................................................1 課題來(lái)源 ..............................................................................................................................................1 汽車蓄電池的現(xiàn)狀 .............................................................................................................................1 第二章汽車蓄電池的工作原理 ....................................................................................................................2 鉛酸蓄 電池的工作原理 .....................................................................................................................2 、鉛酸蓄電池電動(dòng)勢(shì)的產(chǎn)生 .....................................................................................................2 、鉛酸蓄電池放電過(guò)程的電化反應(yīng) ........................................................................................2 、鉛酸蓄電池 充電過(guò)程的電化反應(yīng) ........................................................................................3 、鉛酸蓄電池充放電后電解液的變化 ....................................................................................3 鎳鎘蓄電池的工作原理 .....................................................................................................................3 電化學(xué)反應(yīng) .......................................................................................................4 ...........................................................................................................5 ........................................................................................................................................6 ...................................................................................................6 .............................................................................................................................................7 ................................................................................................................................8 ....................................................................................................................................8 第三章廢舊汽車蓄電池對(duì)社會(huì)和環(huán)境的影響 ...........................................................................................9 廢舊蓄電池對(duì)環(huán)境的影響 .................................................................................................................9 常用蓄電池中的各種有害成份 ........................................................................................................9 蓄電池對(duì)人類身體的影響 .................................................................................................................9 第四章現(xiàn)代新技術(shù)在汽車廢舊汽車蓄電池的研 究與應(yīng)用 ....................................................................11 汽車蓄電池的現(xiàn)狀與前景 ...............................................................................................................11 燃料電池 ........................................................................................................................................... 14 環(huán)境友好型汽車用鉛蓄電池技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................... 18 VRLA 電池 ................................................................................................... 19 VpLA 電池 ........................................................................................... 19 ................................................................................................. 19 黃石理 工學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） IV 第五章汽車廢舊蓄電池再生技術(shù)研究的展望 ........................................................................................ 20 國(guó)際廢舊蓄電 池的處理方式 .................................................................................... 20 ． 1 固化深埋、存放于廢礦井 ................................................................................................. 21 ． 2 回收利用 .............................................................................................................................. 21 未來(lái)的汽車用鉛酸蓄電池 .............................................................................................................. 21 ..................................................................................................... 21 ...................................................................................................................... 22 ..........................................................................................................