【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 有害射線監(jiān)測器設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)院 (系 ) 電氣工程學(xué)院 年級專業(yè) 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師 答辯日期 摘 要 I 摘 要 環(huán)境放射性監(jiān)測是環(huán)保工作中的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)，尤其在當(dāng)今世界，原子能工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，放射性物質(zhì)在醫(yī)學(xué)、國防、航天、科研、民用等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用不斷擴(kuò)大，有可能使環(huán)境中的放射性水平超過規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，構(gòu)成放射性污染，危害人體和生物，為此，有必要對環(huán)境中的放射性物質(zhì)進(jìn)行經(jīng)常性的檢測。 放射性檢測儀器種類很多，它的基本原理基于射線與物質(zhì)間相互作用所產(chǎn)生的各種效應(yīng)。目前最常用的 檢測器有三類，即電離型檢測器、閃爍檢測器和半導(dǎo)體檢測器。 本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于 MSP430 單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的有害射線監(jiān)測器。本儀器具有數(shù)據(jù)采集、實(shí)時(shí)顯示、閾值設(shè)定、通訊、越限報(bào)警等主要功能。在 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)中，對主要硬件 MSP430F4250 單片機(jī)及其外圍電路進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論述。系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)包括 數(shù)據(jù) 采集、數(shù)碼顯示、鍵盤、參數(shù)設(shè)定、數(shù)據(jù)通訊等 程序，運(yùn)用 IAR 公司為 MSP430 系列單片機(jī)開發(fā)的 C430 集成開發(fā)環(huán)境和 C 語言調(diào)試器作為程序開發(fā)工具完成了軟件的調(diào)試。 關(guān)鍵詞 環(huán)境監(jiān)測；放射性監(jiān)測；有害射線監(jiān)測；單片機(jī)控制； MSP430 II Abstract The environment radio monitor is an important mission in the environmental protection work,particularly in nowadays world,the atomic industry develops quickly,the radio material’s application in the medical science,national defense,aerospace,research,public realm have extend continuously,make probably the radio level in the environment exceed provision standard,constitute radioactive contamination,endanger the human body and living ,the radio material that has a necessity to environment carries on a often examination. There are a lot of radio examination instrument category,its basic principle according to occur various effect that between the radial and the material most in mon use detector has three currently,then the ionization detector,the flicker detector and the semiconductor detector. This text design a kind of according to MSP430 chip microprocessor carry out of harmful radial monitor instrument has main function of data collection,real time show,limen value enactment,munication,over limit to give an alarm text makes detailed represent towards hardware that includes MSP430F4250 chip microprocessor and peripheral circuit. software design of the system includes program of data collection,the number display,keyboard,the parameter enactment,the data munication etc, program development tools are both C430 integration built environment and C debugger that are developed for MSP430 series chip microprocessor by IAR pany. Keywords Environment monitor。 Radioactivity monitor。 Harmful radial monitor。 Chip microprocessor control。MSP430 I 目 錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................. I Abstract .......................................................................................................II 第 1 章 緒論 ................................................................................................ 1 課題背景 ........................................................................................ 1 環(huán)境監(jiān)測的概念及其發(fā)展 ................................................... 1 我國環(huán)境監(jiān)測的現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................... 2 環(huán)境放射性監(jiān)測 ............................................................................ 4 基礎(chǔ)知識 ............................................................................... 4 環(huán)境中放射性的來源和危害 ............................................... 4 監(jiān)測對象及方法 ................................................................... 5 本設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)、內(nèi)容和要求 ........................................................ 6 第 2 章 放射性檢測儀器原理 .................................................................... 7 放射性檢測儀器基本原理 ............................................................ 7 電離型檢測器 ................................................................................ 7 電流電離室 ........................................................................... 8 正比計(jì)數(shù)管 ........................................................................... 8 蓋革 (GM)計(jì)數(shù)管 .................................................................. 8 閃爍檢測器 .................................................................................... 9 半導(dǎo)體檢測器 .............................................................................. 10 本章小結(jié) ...................................................................................... 10 第 3 章 MSP430 單片機(jī)原理 ...................................................................11 概述 ...............................................................................................11 單片機(jī)的概念及特點(diǎn) ..........................................................11 MSP430 系列單片機(jī) ............................................................11 MSP430 單片機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................... 13 MSP430 結(jié)構(gòu)概述 ............................................................... 13 II MSP430CPU 結(jié)構(gòu)和特點(diǎn) ................................................... 14 MSP430 存儲(chǔ)器結(jié) 構(gòu)和地址空間 ....................................... 15 本章小結(jié) ...................................................................................... 16 第 4 章 有害射線監(jiān)測器的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................... 17 硬件原理框圖 .............................................................................. 17 MSP430F4250 簡介 ..................................................................... 17 I/O 端口 ........................................................................................ 20 端口 P1 和 P2...................................................................... 20 端口 P5 和 P6...................................................................... 22 定時(shí)器 .......................................................................................... 23 看門狗定時(shí)器 (WDT) ......................................................... 23 16 位定時(shí)器 A(Timer_A) .................................................... 24 液晶顯示 ...................................................................................... 27 段式 LCD 的基本原理 ....................................................... 27 MSP430 液晶驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊 ....................................................... 27 鍵盤功能 ............................................................................