【正文】 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 I 基于 LabVIEW 轉(zhuǎn)子軸心軌跡測(cè)量與識(shí)別 系統(tǒng)開發(fā) 摘 要 轉(zhuǎn)子 軸心軌跡作為轉(zhuǎn)子振動(dòng)狀態(tài)的一類重要圖形征兆，包含了大量的故障信息，是診斷專家在診斷過程中采用的一項(xiàng)不可缺少的故障征兆信息，由于軸心軌跡的提純效果、軸心軌跡的特征自動(dòng)提取和形狀自動(dòng)識(shí)別的水平，都直接影響著故障診斷專家系統(tǒng)的智能化水平，因此我們需要對(duì)軸心軌跡全面的進(jìn)行研究。 首先搭建了轉(zhuǎn)子故障 實(shí)驗(yàn) 臺(tái) ,在該實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)上能夠模擬一些典型的轉(zhuǎn)子故障 ,如不平衡、不對(duì)中、轉(zhuǎn)子彎曲等。在此基礎(chǔ)上，搭建信號(hào)測(cè)量電路，包括傳感器、電荷放大器、濾波器 、數(shù)據(jù)采集卡 等器件 ， 能夠測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的 兩個(gè) 相互垂直 方向的徑向位移 。 其次編制軸心軌跡測(cè)量 及識(shí)別 程序，該程序能夠?qū)崟r(shí)顯示軸心軌跡，并進(jìn)行頻譜分析，也可以進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)。為了給軸心軌跡識(shí)別提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)而編制了軸心軌跡 仿真程序，對(duì)幾種典型故障的軸心軌跡進(jìn)行了仿真。 根據(jù)不變矩理論， 編制了不變矩計(jì)算程序， 通過對(duì)傳統(tǒng)算法的改進(jìn) ， 實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)離散數(shù)據(jù)的不變矩計(jì)算 ， 改進(jìn)算法能夠 自動(dòng)識(shí)別 軸心軌跡 。 通過連接實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)、測(cè)量裝置和軟件應(yīng)用程序， 對(duì) 整個(gè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了整合，可實(shí)時(shí) 顯示軸心軌跡 ，同時(shí) 計(jì)算不變矩 。 通過大量實(shí)驗(yàn)確定識(shí)別臨界值，使程序既滿足靈活性又滿足 準(zhǔn)確性，有效實(shí)現(xiàn)在線自動(dòng)識(shí)別。 關(guān)鍵詞： 軸心軌跡 。虛擬儀器 ； LabVIEW； 不變矩 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 II Development of measurement and identification of axis orbit system on LabVIEW Abstract The rotor axis path as a kind of important graphic sign of rotor vibration state contains a large number of fault information is used in the process of diagnosis expert in the diagnosis of an indispensable fault symptom information. Axis path due to the effect of purification, the axis trajectory characteristics of the level of automatic extraction and automatic shape identification, directly affects the level of intelligent fault diagnosis expert system, So we need the axis trajectory prehensive research. First set the rotor fault testbed in the laboratory bench to simulate some of the typical rotor faults, such as imbalance, in the wrong, rotor bending, etc. On this basis, the structures, signal measuring circuit, including the data acquisition card, sensor, charge amplifier and filter device, to measure the axis trajectory radial displacement of two directions. Second axis trajectory measurement program, the program can realtime display the axis trajectory, and spectrum analysis, can also for data storage. To provide standards for axis path identification, and then piled the axis trajectory simulation program, the axis trajectory of several typical faults are simulated. The recognition system is used as a means for identifying, invariant moment invariant moment calculation program, therefore, according to the features of the experiment, the moment invariant algorithm was improved, in order to meet the automatic 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 III identification. Finally integrate the piled program can display the axis trajectory and moment invariant can be calculated, and through experiments to determine the identification of the critical value, satisfies program meets the flexibility and accuracy, effectively realize online automatic identification. Key words:Axis trajectory。 Virtual instrument。 LabVIEW。 Invariant moments 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 IV 目錄 摘要 ........................................................... I Abstract ...................................................... II 第 1 章 緒論 ................................................ 1 課題的背景 ...................................................................................... 1 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 .............................................................................. 2 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械軸心軌跡研究現(xiàn)狀 .............................................. 2 轉(zhuǎn)子軸心軌跡自動(dòng)識(shí)別研究現(xiàn)狀 ...................................... 2 研究的意義和主要內(nèi)容 ................................................................. 4 研究的意義 ........................................................................... 4 研究的主要內(nèi)容 ................................................................... 4 第 2 章 轉(zhuǎn)子振動(dòng)機(jī)理和軸心軌跡特征 .......................... 6 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械振動(dòng)機(jī)理分析 ................................................................. 6 轉(zhuǎn)子振動(dòng)的基本特征 ..................................................................... 7 常見故障原因及軸心軌 跡的特征 ................................................. 8 轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡 ........................................................................... 8 轉(zhuǎn)子不對(duì)中 ........................................................................... 9 轉(zhuǎn)子彎曲 ............................................................................... 9 轉(zhuǎn)子碰磨 ............................................................................. 10 油膜震蕩 ............................................................................. 11 軸心軌跡測(cè)試方法及信號(hào)分析 ................................................... 12 本章小結(jié) ........................................................................................ 14 第 3 章 LabVIEW 應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................... 16 數(shù)據(jù)采集和軸心軌跡合成 ........................................................... 16 軸心軌跡仿真程序 ....................................................................... 19 不變矩計(jì)算程序 ............................................................................ 21 不變矩方法簡介 ................................................................. 21 不變矩計(jì)算方法 ................................................................. 22 相似度計(jì)算程序 ............................................................................ 24 軸心軌跡 自動(dòng)識(shí)別程序 ............................................................... 25 本章小結(jié) ........................................................................................ 26 第 4 章 實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 ................................. 27 實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 27 測(cè)量裝置 ........................................................................................ 28 傳感器與測(cè)量電路 ............................................................. 28 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 V 數(shù)據(jù)采集卡 ......................................................................... 29 數(shù)據(jù)采集卡基本性能指標(biāo) ................................................. 30 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析 ................................................................................ 31 本章小結(jié) .....................................................................................