【正文】 摘 要 I 摘要 隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展 ,住房制度改革的不斷深入 ,人們生活水平的不斷提高 ,城市中各類小區(qū)建設(shè)發(fā)展十分迅速 ,同時(shí)也對(duì)小區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)提出了更高的要求。小區(qū)供水系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)是其中的一個(gè)重要方面 ,供水的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、可靠性、穩(wěn)定性直接影響到小區(qū)住戶的正常生活和工作 ,也直接體現(xiàn)了小區(qū)物業(yè)管理水平的高低。傳統(tǒng)的恒速泵加壓供水、水塔高位水箱供水、氣壓罐供水等供水方式普遍不同程度的存在效率低、可靠性差、自動(dòng)化程度不高等缺點(diǎn) ,難以滿足當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的需要。 本論文針對(duì)某住宅小區(qū)的供水要求 ,設(shè)計(jì)了一套由 PLC、變頻器、壓力變送器 、多臺(tái)水泵機(jī)組等主要設(shè)備構(gòu)成的全自動(dòng)變頻恒壓供水及其監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) ,具有全自動(dòng)變頻恒壓運(yùn)行、自動(dòng)工頻運(yùn)行和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)手動(dòng)控制等功能。系統(tǒng)有效地解決了傳統(tǒng)供水方式中存在的問(wèn)題 ,并具有多種輔助功能 ,增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的可靠性。 基于水泵供水流量和水泵轉(zhuǎn)速的三次方成正比 ,論文分析了采取變頻調(diào)速方式實(shí)現(xiàn)恒壓供水相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的閥門(mén)控制恒壓供水方式的節(jié)能機(jī)理。通過(guò)對(duì)變頻器內(nèi)置 PID 模塊參數(shù)的預(yù)置 ,利用壓力變送器的水壓反饋量 ,構(gòu)成閉環(huán)系統(tǒng) ,根據(jù)用水量的變化 ,采取 PID 調(diào)節(jié)方式 ,在全流量范圍內(nèi)利用變頻泵的連續(xù)調(diào)節(jié)和工頻泵的分級(jí)調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合 ,實(shí)現(xiàn)恒 壓供水且有效節(jié)能。論文論述了采用多泵并聯(lián)供水方案的合理性 ,分析了多泵供水方式的各種供水狀態(tài)及轉(zhuǎn)換條件 ,分析了電機(jī)由變頻轉(zhuǎn)工頻運(yùn)行方式的切換過(guò)程及存在的問(wèn)題。 關(guān)鍵詞 :恒壓供水； PLC；變頻調(diào)速Abstract II Abstract Long with the development of the socioeconomy of our country, the housing system is going deep into reforms, and people’s living standard is being improved. At the same time, in the city, each kind of subdistrict construction is developing very quickly, which puts forward higher requirement for the infrastructure construction of subdistrict. And the construction of subdistrict water supply system is an important aspect in which. The reliability, stability and economy of water supply directly affects subdistrict household’s normal life and work and also embodies the difference in the level of subdistrict property management. The traditional means of water supply such as the pump pressurization water supply at constant speed, water tower of upper cistern, the jar etc. are hard to satisfy the needs of current economic life, because low efficiency, reliability and automation level are all monly existing in these means. According to the requirement of water supply in a set of automatic system of constant pressure water supply by using variable frequency and remote monitoring and controlling, which is posed of PLC, transducer, Pressure sensor, pumps and electromotors. This set of system has the functions like automatic constant pressure operation by using variable frequency, automatic work frequency operation and the onthespot control by hand etc. The system has solved efficiently the problem existing in the traditional way of water supply, which has various supplementary functions to strengthen the reliability. Based on that the three side of the pump water delivery rate and the pump rotational speed bee direct ratio, the paper analyses the mechanism of energy saving that the way of water supply by using the method of variable velocity variable frequency is superior to the traditional way of constant pressure water supply controlled by valve. Setting up in advance the parameter of the PID modular builtin the transducer, a system of closed circuit using the feedback of hydraulic pressure of far biography pressure table has formed. According to the change of water consumption, with PID, in the sphere of whole rate of flow, bining the constant regulation of the pump of frequency conversion with the work frequency pump grade regulation, the system of closed circuit can realize the constant pressure water supply and save energy efficiently. Abstract III Keywords: Constant pressure watersupply。 PLC。 Variable velocity Variable frequency 目 錄 IV 目 錄 摘要 ................................................ 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書(shū)簽。 ABSTRACT .........................................................II 第 1 章 緒論 ......................................................... 1 課題的來(lái)源及背景 .............................................. 1 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r .................................... 2 PLC 特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用 ................................................. 2 本課題主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 ............................................. 8 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)的理論分析及控制方案確定 ................................. 9 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的理論分析 ..................................... 9 變頻恒壓供水控制方案的確定 .................................... 9 控制方案的比較和確定 ....................................... 9 恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的組成及原理圖 ................................ 10 供水系統(tǒng)中水泵切換條件分析 ................................ 15 本章小結(jié) ..................................................... 17 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................ 18 系統(tǒng)主要裝備選型 ............................................. 18 PLC及其拓展模塊選型 ...................................... 18 水泵機(jī)組的選型 ............................................ 19 變頻器的選型 .............................................. 20 壓力變送器的選型 .......................................... 21 穩(wěn)壓罐的選型 .............................................. 21 觸摸屏的選型 .............................................. 21 系統(tǒng)主電路分析及設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 22 系統(tǒng)控制電路分析及設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 23 PLC 的 I/O 端口分配及變頻器接線圖 .............................. 24 本章小結(jié) ..................................................... 28 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................ 29 系統(tǒng)功能分析 ................................................. 29 PLC 程序設(shè)計(jì)方法 .............................................. 30 系統(tǒng)控制程序設(shè)計(jì) .............................................. 31 梯形圖程序編制 ................................................ 35 控制界面組態(tài) .................................................. 37 目 錄 V 本章小結(jié) ...................................................... 37 結(jié) 論 ............................................................. 39 參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................... 40 謝 辭 ............................................................. 41 附 錄 主程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................................. 42 第 1 章 緒論 1 第 1 章 緒論 課題的來(lái)源及背景 眾所周知，河北省地區(qū)水資源相對(duì)匱乏，城市生活用水緊張，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)在供水技術(shù)方面也一直比較落后，自動(dòng)化程度不高，而隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，城市化進(jìn)程加快的需求 ，對(duì)于供水系統(tǒng)提出了更高的要求。因此在供水網(wǎng)絡(luò)中需要采用供水優(yōu)化調(diào)整方案，引入計(jì)算機(jī)、變頻器、可編程控制器等先進(jìn)技術(shù)，使供水網(wǎng)絡(luò)在最佳狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行，具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 傳統(tǒng)的供水方式主要有：恒速泵加壓供水、水塔高位水箱供水、氣壓罐供水、單片機(jī)變頻調(diào)速供水系統(tǒng)等，其優(yōu)、缺點(diǎn)如下： ⑴ 恒速泵加壓供水方式采用人工手動(dòng)方式控制水泵的啟停，無(wú)法對(duì)供水管網(wǎng)的壓力變化做出快速響應(yīng)，效率低，