【正文】 序號 : 電 子 實 訓(xùn) 題 目 新型車速監(jiān)控裝置 學(xué) 生 xxxxxxxx 學(xué) 院 xxxxx 專 業(yè) 班 級 xxxxx 校內(nèi)指導(dǎo)教師 xxxxxxx 專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù) xxxxxx 校外指導(dǎo)老師 專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù) 二 ○ 一三 年 六 月 I 新型車速監(jiān)控裝置 的設(shè)計 摘 要 ： 本文設(shè)計一款用于實時監(jiān)控車輛行駛過程中速度變化的裝置。系統(tǒng)以 STC89C51單片機為控制核心， ADC0809 芯片將檢測到的模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)化成數(shù)字信號， 74LS138 是為了將三個端口轉(zhuǎn)為八位輸出 ， 74HC245 增強負(fù)載輸出， OP07 構(gòu)成的反相器用來將采集到的負(fù)值轉(zhuǎn)為正值， 撥碼開關(guān) 作為系統(tǒng)輸入設(shè)備 用來選擇對應(yīng)的程序 ， NOKIA5110 液晶顯示器用于系統(tǒng)參數(shù)顯示。 該 車速監(jiān)控裝置是根據(jù)預(yù)先設(shè)置的速度（電壓值）范圍，對給定的電壓值進(jìn)行檢測。實現(xiàn)以下功能： ① 實時動態(tài)超速報警：系統(tǒng)運行時，能實時監(jiān)測限速范圍，一旦車輛超出該范圍，即發(fā)出聲光報警 。 ② 實時動態(tài)限速：系統(tǒng)運行時，能實時監(jiān)測限速范圍 （ LCD顯示 ） ，并自動根據(jù)限速范圍限制車行速度（通過控制 電壓 實現(xiàn)） 。 ③ 動感顯示：用 8 只發(fā)光 管排成圓形，依次點亮，以顯示車輛前進(jìn)、倒退和行駛速度。點亮?xí)r間與行駛速度成反比。前進(jìn)時，發(fā)光管順時針點亮；倒退時，發(fā)光管逆時針點亮。 ④ 實時監(jiān)測并數(shù)字顯示車輛行駛速度和限速范圍 （ LCD 顯示 ） 。 ⑤ 三檔功能轉(zhuǎn)換： 0 擋 關(guān)閉功能 ① 和 ② ；1 檔 開啟功能 ① ； 2 檔 開啟功能 ② 。 實驗結(jié)果表明，該設(shè)計具有成本低、可靠性高、測量精度高、安裝調(diào)試方便等特征，非常適用于廠家提高 車輛速度 智能化控制程度，提高市場競爭力，具有較好的應(yīng)用前景。 關(guān)鍵字： 車速；實時 監(jiān)控； STC89C51； LCD 顯示；聲光報警 II The Design of the New Speed Monitoring Device Abstract: In this paper, the software of realtime monitoring speed changes of vehicle was designed. This control system takes the STC12C89C51 microputer as its core. We use the ADC0809 chip to detect the analog signals into digital signals, use 74LS138 to turn the three outputs to eight, use 74HC245 to enhance the output of the load. Meanwhile, the inverter made up of OP07 is able to turn negative to positive. We also use dialcode switch as the input device to select the corresponding program system, and NOKIA5110 LCD display for system parameters. The device is designed for a given voltage for testing, according to a preset speed range (voltage). Function as follows: ① Realtime dynamic overspeed alarm： When the system is running, it can realtime monitor the speed limit. Once the vehicle is beyond the scope, it will send out sound and light alarm. ② Realtime dynamic speed limit： When the system is running, it can realtime monitor the speed limit range (LCD display), and automatically limit the car speed range (by controlling the voltage), according to the speed limit.③ Light show： We use eight lightemitting tube arranged in round, light in order, to display the vehicle forward, backward and moving Speed. Light time is inversely proportional to the speed. When forward, Lightemitting tube lights clockwisely。 Backward, lightemitting tube lights reversely.④ Realtime monitoring and digital display vehicle traffic speed and speed range (LCD display). ⑤ Three function transformation： Swith 0 turn off function① and②； Switch 1turn on function①； Switch 2 turn on function② . The experimental results show that this design has low cost, high reliability, high accuracy, convenience. And its very suitable for manufacturer to improve the vehicle speed intelligent control level and market petitiveness, which enjoys a great prospect. Key words: speed。 Realtime monitoring。 STC89C51。 LCD display。 Audible and visual alarm. III 目 錄 摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................... ? 目 錄 ......................................................................................................................................... III 1 引言 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 課題的開發(fā)背景及意義 .............................................................................................. 1 新型車速監(jiān)控裝置的研究現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................. 1 課 題任務(wù)及要求 .......................................................................................................... 2 2 系統(tǒng)分析與總體方案設(shè)計 .................................................................................................... 2 新型車速監(jiān)控裝置的基本原理 .................................................................................. 2 新型車速監(jiān)控裝置的整體設(shè)計 .................................................................................. 2 新型車速監(jiān)控裝置監(jiān)控方案 ...................................................................................... 3 實時動態(tài)車速檢測方案 ................................................................................... 3 實時動態(tài)限速方案 ............................................................................................. 3 3 系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計 ................................................................................................................ 4 單片機系統(tǒng) .................................................................................................................. 4 單片機選型 ........................................................................................................ 4 單片機晶振電路和復(fù)位電路 ............................................................................ 5 數(shù)據(jù)采樣電路 .............................................................................................................. 6 A/D 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換 ..................................................................................................... 6 OP07 反相電路 ................................................................................................... 8 系統(tǒng)供電模塊 .............................................................................................................. 8 顯示輸出模塊 .............................................................................................................. 9 LED 發(fā)光二極管輸出電路 ................................................................................ 9 LCD 液晶顯示輸出電路 .................................................................................. 1