【正文】 i 目錄 摘要 ........................................................ I ABSTRACT ................................................. II 1 緒論 ...................................................... 1 課題的意義 .............................................. 1 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定 ............................................ 3 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的分類 ................................ 3 提高電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的措施 .............................. 4 勵磁系統(tǒng)對電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的影響 ........................ 5 MATLAB 的簡介 ............................................ 6 本論文的主要工作 ........................................ 6 2 同步發(fā)動機(jī)方程 ............................................ 8 同步發(fā)動機(jī)的電壓方程 .................................... 8 同步發(fā)電機(jī)的磁鏈方程 .................................... 9 同步發(fā)電機(jī)的電磁功率方程 ................................ 13 隱級式發(fā)電機(jī)的電磁功率方程 ......................... 13 凸極式發(fā)電機(jī)的電磁功率方程 ......................... 15 同步發(fā)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動方程 ................................ 16 同步發(fā)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動方程 ........................... 16 發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動方程的研究意義 ....................... 17 本章小結(jié) ............................................... 18 ii 3 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器基本介紹 ................................... 19 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器簡介 ..................................... 19 電力系統(tǒng)弱阻尼產(chǎn)生原因 .................................. 20 低頻振蕩簡介 ........................................... 20 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器抑制低頻振蕩原理 .......................... 20 本章小結(jié) ............................................... 21 4 PSS 的設(shè)計 ................................................ 22 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器的設(shè)計原理 ................................ 22 PSS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計 ..................................... 22 汽輪機(jī)及其調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)超前補(bǔ)償網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計 ............... 23 本章小結(jié) ............................................... 25 5 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器 MATLAB 仿真分析 ............................. 26 簡單電力系統(tǒng)的建立 ..................................... 26 模型運(yùn)行仿真分析 ....................................... 29 PSS 作用分析 ............................................ 32 本章小結(jié) ............................................... 32 6 主要結(jié)論和展望 ........................................... 33 主要結(jié)論 ............................................... 33 展望未來 ............................................... 33 致謝 ....................................................... 34 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................... 35 附錄 ....................................................... 36 iii 附錄 A 外文文獻(xiàn)原文 ........................................ 36 附錄 B 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 ........................................ 38 附錄 C 主要源程序 .......................................... 41 I 摘要 隨著我國電力工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，電力系統(tǒng)規(guī)模日趨增大，電壓等級進(jìn)一步提高，裝機(jī)容量和用電負(fù)荷不斷增大，同時，風(fēng)能 ,太陽能等一些新能源發(fā)電所占發(fā)電比重的增大，電力系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行變得越來越突出。隨著大電網(wǎng)的互聯(lián)，電力系統(tǒng)容量倍增，以及快速勵磁裝置的廣泛使用，大電網(wǎng)存在的問題逐步凸顯出來，英美等國都發(fā)生過大規(guī)模停電事故，各國對大電網(wǎng)存在的問題也越來越關(guān)注，其中大電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定性一直是專家們關(guān)注的重點，低頻振蕩是影響電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性的重要因素，對低頻振蕩抑制早在 70 年代就有了比較成熟的方法，其中最具典型的是采用電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器（ PSS）。 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器（ pss）就是為抑制低頻振蕩而研究的一種附加勵磁控制技術(shù)。它在勵磁電壓調(diào)節(jié)器中，引入領(lǐng) 先于軸速度的附加信號，產(chǎn)生一個正阻尼轉(zhuǎn)矩，去克服原勵磁電壓調(diào)節(jié)器中產(chǎn)生的負(fù)阻尼轉(zhuǎn)矩作用 ,用于提高電力系統(tǒng)阻尼、解決低頻振蕩問題，是提高電力系統(tǒng)動態(tài)穩(wěn)定性的重要措施之一。 本文 先從理論出發(fā)，詳細(xì)分析了同步發(fā)電機(jī)的電壓方程和磁鏈方程并推導(dǎo)了簡單系統(tǒng)中同步發(fā)電機(jī)的電磁功率方程以及同步發(fā)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動方程。并在此基礎(chǔ)上建立單機(jī)無窮大系統(tǒng)的 MATLAB 模型，并將它作為研究對象，具體分析 PSS 對系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的作用 ，然后又分析了系統(tǒng)帶 PSS 和不帶 PSS 時系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行情況，最后對兩種情況進(jìn)行了比較，分析了 PSS 的優(yōu)點和缺點，同時對電力系統(tǒng)的未來提出了更高的挑戰(zhàn)。 本文還 介紹了電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器的設(shè)計原理和對電力系統(tǒng)造成的影響、使用電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器的好處。由于電力系統(tǒng)在正常運(yùn)行時會發(fā)生頻率的振蕩，對我們的生產(chǎn)生活帶來了很多的危害，給我國的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了巨大的損失。如果在電力系統(tǒng)中加入 PSS 后會對系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性提高給予了很大的幫助。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定；低頻振蕩；負(fù)阻尼；電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器 II ABSTRACT With the rapid development of China39。s power industry, the size of the power system is increasing day by day, to further improve the voltage level, increasing installed capacity and electricity load, wind, solar and other new energy power generation share of power generation the proportion of the increase of electricity the stable operation of the system bees more and more prominent. With the interconnection of large power grids, doubled the capacity of the power system, as well as the widespread use of fast excitation device, the problems of a large grid has been showing, Britain and other countries have been largescale blackouts, more and more countries the problems of large power grids concern the stability of large power grids has been the focus of the experts, lowfrequency oscillation is an important factor affecting grid stability, low frequency oscillation suppression will have a more mature approach as early as the 1970s, the most typical is power system stabilizer (PSS). Power system stabilizer (PSS) is to suppress a low frequency oscillation of additional excitation control. It is the excitation voltage regulator, the introduction of axial velocity ahead of additional signals to produce a positive damping torque to overe the primary excitation voltage regulator produced negative damping torque effect. Improving power system damping, lowing frequency oscillation problem solving is to improve power system dynamic stability of the important measures. The topics start with theory, a detailed analysis of the synchronous generator voltage equation and flux equation and derivation of the equations of the electromagic power of the synchronous generator in a simple system and synchronous generator rotor equation of motion. MATLAB model of single machine infinite bus system and on this basis to establish it as the object of study, the specific analysis of the role of the PSS on the stability of the system, and then analyzed the system with PSS and without PSS operation of the system, and finally Of the two cases were pared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of PSS, while the future of the power system of a higher challenge. This paper describes the power system stabilizer39。s design principles and the impact on the power system, the use of the benefits of power system stabilizer. 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