【正文】 本科生 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 第 I頁 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 雙容水箱液位 PID控制算法的仿真研究 摘要 由于單回路控制系統(tǒng)已不能克服液位控制中的一些問題，如： 大時延、非線性、容量滯后等 。因此本設(shè)計針對這些問題 設(shè)計 串級控制，對單回路控制系統(tǒng)無法控制的問題進行解決，同時比較單回路控制系統(tǒng)和串級控制系統(tǒng)的不同之處。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計的課題是多容水箱 的 PID液位控制系統(tǒng)的仿真 。在設(shè)計中， 主要針對 雙容水箱 進行了研究和 仿真。本 文 的 主要內(nèi)容包括 ： 對 水箱的特性確定與實驗曲線分析，通過實驗法建立了液位控制系統(tǒng)的水箱數(shù)學(xué)模型，設(shè)計出了串級控制系統(tǒng)，針對所選液位控制系統(tǒng)選擇合適的PID算法。用 MATLAB/Simulink建立液位串級控制系統(tǒng)，調(diào)節(jié)器采用 PID控制系統(tǒng)。通過仿真比較了單回路液位控制系統(tǒng)和串級控制系統(tǒng)控制的不同之處，以及參數(shù)的整定及各個參數(shù)的控制性能的比較，對所得到的仿真曲線進行分析，總結(jié) 了 參數(shù)變化 對 系統(tǒng)性能的影響。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： MATLAB； PID控制；串級控制；液位系統(tǒng)仿真 本科生 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 第 II頁 More let water tank PID level control system simulation Abstract Because single loop control system has not overe some of the liquid level control issues, such as: big time delay, nonlinear process, capacity lag and so on. So this design is proposed to solve these problems, the cascade control for single loop control system can39。t control problems were solved, meanwhile pared single loop control system and cascade control system differences. The graduation design topic is based on the MATLAB PID level control system simulation. In the design, I mainly responsible is double let water tank simulation. The main content of this article include: software MATLAB, the introduction and application of the simulation of use in Simulink problems that should be paid attention to. Grasp the basic ideas of PID control to be familiar with PID algorithm, PID parameters setting method. Water tank with the experimental curves to determine the characteristics, through the test method analysis level control system was established mathematical model, the water tank designed cascade control system for the selected level control。 choose the appropriate control system PID algorithm. MATLAB/Simulink establishes level cascade control system, the regulator using fuzzy PID control system. Through the parative simulation single loop level control system and a cascade control system control differences, and parameter setting and various parameters control performance parison, application gets PID control algorithm is analyzed for simulation curve, summarizes the parameters on the system performance impact. Keywords: MATLAB； PID control。 Cascade control。 Level system simulation 本科生 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 第 III頁 目錄 1 緒論 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1. 1 問題的提出及研究意義 ................................................................................................ 1 水箱控制系統(tǒng)研究的意義 ..................................................................................... 1 PID控制算法的研究現(xiàn)狀 .............................................................................................. 2 PID控制的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展 .................................................................................................. 2 本 次設(shè)計的主要工作 ..................................................................................................... 3 2 MATLAB仿真概述 ......................................................................................................... 4 過程控制系統(tǒng)的 MATLAB計算與仿真 ...................................................................... 4 控制系統(tǒng)計算機仿真 ............................................................................................. 4 控制系統(tǒng)的 MATLAB計算與仿真 .............................................................................. 4 3 PID控制簡介及其整定方法 ......................................................................................... 7 PID控制簡介 .................................................................................................................. 7 PID控制原理 .......................................................................................................... 7 PID控制算法 .................................................................................................................. 8 位置型算法 ............................................................................................................. 9 增量型算法 ............................................................................................................. 9 PID 調(diào)節(jié)的各個環(huán)節(jié)及其調(diào)節(jié)過程 ........................................................................... 10 比例控制與其調(diào)節(jié)過程 ....................................................................................... 10 比例積分調(diào)節(jié) ....................................................................................................... 11 比例積分微分調(diào)節(jié) ............................................................................................... 12 串級控制 ....................................................................................................................... 12 串級控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 ................................................................................................... 14 主回路的設(shè)計 ....................................................................................................... 14 副回路的設(shè)計 ....................................................................................................... 14 本科生 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 第 IV頁 主、副回路的匹配 ............................................................................................... 15 串級控制系統(tǒng)的工業(yè)應(yīng)用 ........................................................................................... 16 用于克服被控過程較大的容量滯后 ................................................................... 16 PID控制的特點 ............................................................................................................ 16 PID參數(shù)整定方法 ........................................................................................................ 16 傳統(tǒng)整定方法 ....................................................................................................... 17 4 雙容液位控制系統(tǒng)的建模 .......................................................................................... 19 4. 1 過程建模的方法 .......