【正文】 寧夏大學(xué)新華學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) （ 2020 屆） 題目 基于 ZigBee 的溫濕度傳感器設(shè)計(jì) 系 別 信息與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系 專 業(yè) 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 年 級(jí) 2020 級(jí) 學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào) 12020247112 學(xué)生姓名 劉培新 指導(dǎo)教師 劉大銘 2020 年 4 月 23 日 寧夏大學(xué)新華學(xué)院本科學(xué)位論文 I 摘 要 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（ Wireless Sensor Network， WSN）是由大量無(wú)處不在的，具有通信與計(jì)算能力的微小傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)密集布設(shè)在無(wú)人值守的監(jiān)控區(qū)域而構(gòu)成的能夠根據(jù)環(huán)境自主完成指定任務(wù)的“智能”自治測(cè)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。大量傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)通過(guò)相互之間的分工協(xié)作，可實(shí)時(shí)感知、監(jiān)測(cè)和采集分布區(qū)域內(nèi)的監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)象或周?chē)h(huán)境的信息。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)有著與傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)明顯不同的技術(shù)要求，前者以數(shù)據(jù)為中心，后者以傳輸數(shù)據(jù)為目的。隨著傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的逐步發(fā)展，它的應(yīng)用也越來(lái)越廣泛 ,無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)也被要 求 有更小功耗，更低成本，以及更方便使用的性能，在這種情況下， ZigBee 技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 ZigBee 技術(shù)是一種短距離無(wú)線雙向通信技術(shù)，該技術(shù)擁有協(xié)議簡(jiǎn)單、功耗低、組網(wǎng)能力強(qiáng)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量大、時(shí)延短、安全、可靠及成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，具有路徑選擇、自動(dòng)連結(jié)網(wǎng)絡(luò)及自我恢復(fù)等功能。預(yù)計(jì)將在消費(fèi)類電子設(shè)備、家庭智能化、工控、醫(yī)用設(shè)備控制、農(nóng)業(yè)自動(dòng)化等領(lǐng)域獲得廣泛應(yīng)用。 本文首先介紹了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和研究現(xiàn)狀 ； 然后深入分析了 ZigBee 協(xié)議，給出了各層的功能；之后，設(shè)計(jì)了 ZigBee 節(jié)點(diǎn)模塊和溫濕度傳感模塊，并在此硬件基 礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了具有基本功能的 ZigBee 協(xié)議棧，同時(shí)提出了一種基于 ZigBee 的組網(wǎng)算法，通過(guò)掃描信道、建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)和建立節(jié)點(diǎn)間的關(guān)聯(lián)三個(gè)步驟構(gòu)建了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層，實(shí)現(xiàn)了無(wú)線傳感器組網(wǎng)功能；在此基礎(chǔ)上本文設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)小型的溫度濕度監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)；最后，對(duì)論文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，提出今后的研究工作方向。 關(guān)鍵字 ： ZigBee； 溫濕度傳感器 ； 無(wú)線通信 ； 無(wú)線溫濕度傳感器系統(tǒng) 寧夏大學(xué)新華學(xué)院本科學(xué)位論文 II Abstract Wireless sensor works (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) is posed of a large number of ubiquitous， tiny sensor nodes have the ability to municate with the intensive puting laid in the monitored area unattended constituted able to plete the assigned tasks independently according to the environment smart autonomy and control work system. A large number of sensor nodes through the division of labor between them, realtime sensing, monitoring and gathering information on the distribution area of the object or the surrounding environment. Wireless sensor works and traditional works have distinct technical requirements , the former datacentric , the latter for the purpose of transferring data . With the gradual development of sensor work technology, its applications are increasingly widespread , wireless sensor works are also required to have a smaller power consumption, cost, and performance is more convenient to use, in this case , ZigBee technology to be shipped born. ZigBee technology is a short range wireless twoway munication technology that has the protocol is simple , low power consumption, strong working capabilities, work capacity, time is short , safe, reliable and low cost, with a path selection, automatic link works and selfrecovery capabilities. It is expected to be widely used in consumer electronic devices, intelligent home , industrial , medical equipment control , automation , and other fields of agriculture. This paper introduces the basic knowledge and research of wireless sensor works 。 and indepth analysis of the ZigBee protocol , given the function of each layer 。 then designed ZigBee node module temperature and humidity sensor module , and is designed on the basis of this hardware the ZigBee protocol stack has the basic functions , while working algorithm is proposed based on ZigBee , by scanning channel , working and the establishment of three steps associated nodes to build a simple work layer , to achieve a wireless sensor work function 。 on this basis, we design a small temperature and humidity monitoring work system 。 Finally, the paper summarizes the proposed future research directions. Key words:ZigBee。Wireless Temperature And Humidity Seneor System。Wireless Communica tion 寧夏大學(xué)新華學(xué)院本科學(xué)位論文 III 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 ..........................................................................................1 引言 ............................................................................................1 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究現(xiàn)狀 ...............................................................2 國(guó)外現(xiàn)狀 ..............................................................................2 國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀 ..............................................................................2 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn) .....................................................................2 研究?jī)?nèi)容 ......................................................................................4 論文結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................................................................5 本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................5 第 2 章 ZigBee 協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹 .................................................................6 ZigBee 技術(shù)概述 .............................................................................6 ZigBee 主要特性 .....................................................................6 ZigBee 網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) ...............................................................6 ZigBee 網(wǎng)絡(luò)工作模式 ...............................................................7 ZigBee 協(xié)議架構(gòu) .............................................................................8 物理層（ PHY） .......................................................................9 媒體訪問(wèn)控制層（ MAC） ......................................................... 10 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層（ NWK） ..................................................................... 12 ZigBee 應(yīng)用層 ...................................................................... 14 本章小結(jié) .................................................................................... 15 第 3 章 ZigBee 溫濕度傳感器硬件平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 16 硬件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................... 16 CC2530 芯片介紹 ................................................................... 16 射頻模塊電路 ...................................................................... 19 主控電路 .................................................................................... 21 串口通信電路 ...................................................................... 21 電源模塊 ............................................................................ 24 存儲(chǔ)模塊 ......................................