【正文】 論文題目： 漏電保護(hù)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)（軟件） 摘 要 隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大。用電量迅速增長，安全用電這一問題顯得尤 為重要。低壓電網(wǎng)的漏電保護(hù)已經(jīng)引起我國各用電部門及勞動(dòng)保護(hù)部門的高度重視，建立科學(xué)的完善的漏電保護(hù)體系已迫在眉睫。漏電保護(hù)器主要用來防止漏電造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失及人生觸電造成的傷亡 ， 對解決漏電問題有重要意義 。 本課 題 在分析低壓電網(wǎng)漏電保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了以單片機(jī)為核心，基于零序電流法和最低幅值選相法的漏電保護(hù)方案。 以 單片機(jī) 為核心進(jìn)行 軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)漏電的檢測、快速處理和顯示，設(shè)計(jì)出 了 可靠價(jià)廉的漏電保護(hù)器。 該裝置完善了傳統(tǒng)的漏電保護(hù)器，能快速判斷出電網(wǎng)是否發(fā)生漏電及具體是哪一相漏電，并發(fā)出 用于 切除故障 的信號 。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：漏電保護(hù)器 ， 單片機(jī) ， 零序 電流 ABSTRACT Acpany with the economy’s increase, the use of electricity is growing quickly, and the safety is being more and more important. The residual current protect of the lowpressure electricity has been highly regarded by the electric department, a scientific and fullclassed residual protect system is highly remended. The use of residual current operated protective device can avoid the economy loss of the fire and people’s death due to the electric shock, so it is extensive used. Based on the actual leakageprotection system for underground low voltage distribution works, this paper advance a new scheme which based zerosequence current and the theory of lowest amplitude, and the singlechip microcontroller MCS51 is the core. The design of software and hardware, realtime discharging and displaying by applying singlechip microcontroller technology. And in final, intelligent residual current operated device with high reliabiliby is pleted. This device bring the traditional residual current operated protective device to pletion ， it could judge whether the electric work leakage of electricity cropped up and which the phase cropped up quickly , and send the relay signals to cut off fault. KEY WORDS: residual current operated protective device, singlechip microcontroller, zerosequence current 目錄 第一章 緒論 ...............................................................................................................1 引言 ............................................................................................................1 漏電保護(hù)的發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................2 國外研究狀況 .................................................................................2 國內(nèi)研究狀況 .................................................................................3 本文所做工作 ............................................................................................4 第二章 漏電原理及分析 ...........................................................................................6 漏電故障的基本概念 ...................................................................................6 漏電的定義 .......................................................................................6 漏電的種類 .......................................................................................7 漏電保護(hù)器的分類 ......................................................................................8 漏電分析 ......................................................................................................9 利用節(jié) 點(diǎn)電壓法分析單相漏電 .....................................................10 利用節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓法分析兩相漏電 .....................................................14 比較兩種漏電故障 ........................................................................16 單相漏電各 故障參數(shù)的變化 ....................................................................16 單相漏電時(shí)零序電壓的變化規(guī)律 ..................................................17 各相對地電壓 ..................................................................................20 零序電流 ..........................................................................................20 漏電電流 ..........................................................................................22 漏電保護(hù)裝置的主要參數(shù) ........................................................................23 第三章 漏電保護(hù)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)及原理 ...................................................................25 漏電保護(hù)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................25 漏電判斷原理 ............................................................................................26 漏電判斷原理 ..................................................................................26 漏電相選擇原理 .............................................................................28 單片機(jī)的選用 .............................................................................................30 MCS— 51 單片機(jī)系列單片機(jī)簡介 .................................................30 單片機(jī)外部引腳說明 .....................................................................33 第四章 漏電保護(hù)裝置的軟件設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................37 軟件設(shè)計(jì)的總體思想 .................................................................................37 軟件設(shè)計(jì)原則 ..................................................................................37 本課題要實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要功能 ..............................................................38 程序構(gòu)成 ..........................................................................................39 主程序設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................39 交流采樣及算法 .........................................................................................40 交流采樣軟件 .................................................................................40 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換軟件 ..................................................................................44 交流采樣算法 ..................................................................................45 電網(wǎng)漏電判斷模塊 .....................................................................................50 漏電相判斷模塊 .........................................................................................51 按鍵調(diào)整模塊 .............................................................................................53 第五章 結(jié)論 .............................................................................................................55 參考文獻(xiàn) .