【正文】 摘 要 Ⅰ 摘 要 隨著我國汽車數(shù)量的迅速的升高，汽車清洗行業(yè)迎來了一個重要的發(fā)展的機遇，自動洗車機作為洗車工作必不可少的設(shè)備，其清洗的效果，清洗的速度清洗成本以及對節(jié)水和環(huán)境保護的要求，成為其開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)必須要考慮的內(nèi)容。 本文主要通過對自動洗車功能要求和運行過程的分析，確定了自動洗車機的總體設(shè)方案。主要進行了自動洗車機的控制系數(shù)的設(shè)計，針對自動洗車機的特點，采用噴水、洗刷、噴灑清洗劑和風(fēng)干等過程，在控制部分，應(yīng)用傳感器和可編程序控制器技術(shù)，對汽車清洗機 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)進行了硬件設(shè)計和控制軟件編程。 PLC 選用了西門子公 司 S7 系列的可編程序控制器，采用梯形圖編程語言，實現(xiàn)了汽車清洗機的傳遞和控制要求，滿足了環(huán)保、高效、可靠和低成本的要求。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：自動清洗機 ； PLC； 控制系統(tǒng) ； 硬件及軟件 ； 梯形圖Abstract Ⅱ Abstract As the amount of car increases very quickly, the service trades of car are facing a very important chance. Because Car Washing is the most important equipment in the process of washing car, these questions must be reflected on in the process of the design and the manufacture of the automatic car washer, such as the washing effect of washing car, the efficiency of washing car, the cost of washing car, the protect of environment, and so on. In this side, according to the analysis of the function and the operating process of car washer, the overall plan of design is determined. The detail design of the driving and controlling system of car washer are designed, according to the characteristics of the automatic car, it adopts some processes, such as the vaginal spray, spray cleaning agent, brushing, air drying and so on. In the control system, it adopts the technology of sensor and PLC to design the position of PLC hardware and program the controlling software. The controller is Siemens S7 series PLC and the program is ladder program, it meets the requirements of the operating and controlling and also the demands of the efficiency, the cost and the environment. Keywords: automatic car。 PLC。 controlling system。 ladder program。 hardware and software program目錄 1 目錄 摘要 ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract....................................................................................................................................... 2 1 緒 論 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 研究背景簡介 ............................................................................................................. 1 課題研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢 ......................................................................................... 1 汽車清洗裝置的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................. 1 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的國內(nèi)發(fā)展趨勢 ....................................................................... 2 課題研究內(nèi)容 .............................................................................................................. 2 汽車自動清洗裝置中應(yīng)用 PLC 的優(yōu)勢 ..................................................................... 2 2 系統(tǒng)電氣控制要求及方案的確定 ........................................................................................ 4 自動洗車機模擬裝置簡介 ......................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)對電氣控制的要求 ............................................................................................. 4 系統(tǒng)的控制方案 ......................................................................................................... 5 車自動清洗裝置 PLC 控制的總體設(shè)計 .................................................................... 5 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 ......................................................................................................... 5 自動洗車機的驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng) ..................................................................................... 7 PLC 的工作原理 .......................................................................................................... 8 PLC 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計流程圖 .................................................................................................. 9 3 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計 .................................................................................................................. 11 PLC 的選型 ................................................................................................................ 11 歐姆龍 PLC 簡介 ........................................................................................... 11 西門子 PLC 簡介 ............................................................................................ 11 可編程控制器的基本組成 ....................................................................................... 13 中央處理單元（ CPU） ................................................................................ 13 存儲器 ............................................................................................................ 13 輸入輸出接口 ................................................................................................ 13 編程器 ............................................................................................................ 15 PLC 與繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的比較 ..................................................................... 15 機型選擇的基本原則 ............................................................................................... 16 目錄 2 PLC 容量選擇 ............................................................................................................ 16 I/O 模塊的選擇 .......................................................................................................... 17 電源模塊的選擇 ....................................................................................................... 17 電機的選擇 ............................................................................................................... 18 直流電動機 .................................................................................................... 18 異步電動機 .................................................................................................... 18 同步電動機 .................................................................................................... 18 電動機的選擇 ..............................................................