【正文】 摘 要 Ⅰ 摘 要 隨著我國(guó)汽車數(shù)量的迅速的升高，汽車清洗行業(yè)迎來了一個(gè)重要的發(fā)展的機(jī)遇，自動(dòng)洗車機(jī)作為洗車工作必不可少的設(shè)備，其清洗的效果，清洗的速度清洗成本以及對(duì)節(jié)水和環(huán)境保護(hù)的要求，成為其開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)必須要考慮的內(nèi)容。 本文主要通過對(duì)自動(dòng)洗車功能要求和運(yùn)行過程的分析，確定了自動(dòng)洗車機(jī)的總體設(shè)方案。主要進(jìn)行了自動(dòng)洗車機(jī)的控制系數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)，針對(duì)自動(dòng)洗車機(jī)的特點(diǎn)，采用噴水、洗刷、噴灑清洗劑和風(fēng)干等過程，在控制部分，應(yīng)用傳感器和可編程序控制器技術(shù)，對(duì)汽車清洗機(jī) PLC 控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了硬件設(shè)計(jì)和控制軟件編程。 PLC 選用了西門子公 司 S7 系列的可編程序控制器，采用梯形圖編程語(yǔ)言，實(shí)現(xiàn)了汽車清洗機(jī)的傳遞和控制要求，滿足了環(huán)保、高效、可靠和低成本的要求。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：自動(dòng)清洗機(jī) ； PLC； 控制系統(tǒng) ； 硬件及軟件 ； 梯形圖Abstract Ⅱ Abstract As the amount of car increases very quickly, the service trades of car are facing a very important chance. Because Car Washing is the most important equipment in the process of washing car, these questions must be reflected on in the process of the design and the manufacture of the automatic car washer, such as the washing effect of washing car, the efficiency of washing car, the cost of washing car, the protect of environment, and so on. In this side, according to the analysis of the function and the operating process of car washer, the overall plan of design is determined. The detail design of the driving and controlling system of car washer are designed, according to the characteristics of the automatic car, it adopts some processes, such as the vaginal spray, spray cleaning agent, brushing, air drying and so on. In the control system, it adopts the technology of sensor and PLC to design the position of PLC hardware and program the controlling software. The controller is Siemens S7 series PLC and the program is ladder program, it meets the requirements of the operating and controlling and also the demands of the efficiency, the cost and the environment. Keywords: automatic car。 PLC。 controlling system。 ladder program。 hardware and software program目錄 1 目錄 摘要 ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract....................................................................................................................................... 2 1 緒 論 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 研究背景簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................. 1 課題研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ......................................................................................... 1 汽車清洗裝置的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................. 1 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ....................................................................... 2 課題研究?jī)?nèi)容 .............................................................................................................. 2 汽車自動(dòng)清洗裝置中應(yīng)用 PLC 的優(yōu)勢(shì) ..................................................................... 2 2 系統(tǒng)電氣控制要求及方案的確定 ........................................................................................ 4 自動(dòng)洗車機(jī)模擬裝置簡(jiǎn)介 ......................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)對(duì)電氣控制的要求 ............................................................................................. 4 系統(tǒng)的控制方案 ......................................................................................................... 5 車自動(dòng)清洗裝置 PLC 控制的總體設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................... 5 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................................... 5 自動(dòng)洗車機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng) ..................................................................................... 7 PLC 的工作原理 .......................................................................................................... 8 PLC 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)流程圖 .................................................................................................. 9 3 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................................. 11 PLC 的選型 ................................................................................................................ 11 歐姆龍 PLC 簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................................................... 11 西門子 PLC 簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................ 11 可編程控制器的基本組成 ....................................................................................... 13 中央處理單元（ CPU） ................................................................................ 13 存儲(chǔ)器 ............................................................................................................ 13 輸入輸出接口 ................................................................................................ 13 編程器 ............................................................................................................ 15 PLC 與繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的比較 ..................................................................... 15 機(jī)型選擇的基本原則 ............................................................................................... 16 目錄 2 PLC 容量選擇 ............................................................................................................ 16 I/O 模塊的選擇 .......................................................................................................... 17 電源模塊的選擇 ....................................................................................................... 17 電機(jī)的選擇 ............................................................................................................... 18 直流電動(dòng)機(jī) .................................................................................................... 18 異步電動(dòng)機(jī) .................................................................................................... 18 同步電動(dòng)機(jī) .................................................................................................... 18 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇 ..............................................................