外文翻譯--中國的地裂縫災害(已修改)
2025-06-01 08:13 本頁面
【正文】 1 中文 2258 字 Ground fissure hazards in China Introduction: Ground fissures are very popular earth surface phenomena, showing the discontinue or broken of the earth surface. Usually, they occur acpanying with other geological hazards. There are many kinds of ground fissures: tectonic fissures, including fault fissures, earthquake fissures, volcanic fissures。 slipcollapse fissures, including landslide fissures, mining fissures. Ground fissures have long history in China. The earliest ground fissures were recorded about five thousand years ago, “Ground fissures occurred before Yellow Emperor passed” (Taiping Yulan, the 880th).Those ancient ground fissures were pure natural ground fissures .However, the modern ground fissures have been caused by both natural and manmade genesis since the beginning of 20th century and occurred only tens of years. History of modern ground fissures in China The first group fissure was observed on the walls of the buildings in Northwestern University in Xi’an city in the beginning。 people did not pay attention to it, and thought that it might be caused by the bad quality of the buildings. Along with the development of pumping ground water, the fissures bee longer and longer, and the scarps bee higher and higher. However, people did not pay attention to them until the tragedyTang Shan earthquake (July 28, 1976, M=) happened, when ground fissures became to severe that they were thought might be the precursor of a potential earthquake in Xi’an region (LI,et al,1986).In many other provinces of North China region, such as Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and Jiangsu, ground fissures also occurred in this period. Since the beginning of 1980s, ground fissures have bee a very severe geological hazard in many places (XIE, 1988). The characteristics of ground fissures in China The ground fissures so called as earth fissure in USA are called tensile fissure in China. As their opposing sides move perpendicular to the plane of failure, they are also called horizontal tensile fissures. This kind of ground fissures occur since the beginning of 2 subsidence process. Usually after Harvey rein they are visual clearly. They can occur either independently or acpany with shear displacements, in the district where groundwater has been over tapped, and also
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