【正文】 畢業(yè)設計（論文） 外文翻譯 2021 年 5 月 22 日 Highrise Building and Steel Construction HUi Weijun1， DONG Han1， WENG Yuging2， CHEN Silian1， WANG Maogiu1（ iron amp。 Steel Research institute， Beijing 100081， China； Although there have been many advancements in building construction technology in general. Spectacular archievements have been made in the design and construction of ultrahighrise buildings. The early development of highrise buildings began with structural steel framing. Reinforced concrete and stressedskin tube systems have since been economically and petitively used ina number of structures for both residential and mercial purposes. The highrise buildings ranging from 50 to 110 stories that are being built all over the United States are the result of innovations and development of new structual systems. Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit. Excessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partition sceilings. and other architectural details. In addition excessive sway may cause disfort to the occupants of the building because the irperception of such motion. Structural systems of reinforced concrete as well as steel take full advantage of inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore require additional stiffening to limit the sway. In a steel structure for example the economy can be defined in terms of the total average quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the building. Curve A in Fig .1 represents the average unit weight of a conventional frame with increasing numbers of stories. Curve B represents the average steel weight if the frame is protected from all lateral loads. The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional columnandbeam frame. Structural engineers have developed structural systems with a view to eliminating this premium. Systems in steel. Tall buildings in steel developed as a result of several types of structural innovations. The innovations have been applied to the construction of both office and apartment buildings. Frame with rigid belt trusses. In order to tie the exterior columns of a frame structure to the interior vertical trusses a system of rigid belt trusses at midheight and at the top of the building may be used. A good example of this system is the First Wisconsin Bank Building1974in Milwaukee. Framed tube. The maximum efficiency of the total structure of a tall building for both strength and stiffness to resist wind load can be achieved only if all column element can be connected to each other in such a way that the entire building acts as a hollow tube or rigid box in projecting out of the ground. This particular structural system was probably used for the first time in the 43story reinforced concrete DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago. The most significant use of this system is in the twin structural steel towers of the 110story World Trade Center building in New York Columndiagonal truss tube. The exterior columns of a building can be spaced reasonably far apart and yet be made to work together as a tube by connecting them with diagonal members interesting at the centre line of the columns and beams. This simple yet extremely efficient system was used for the first time on the John Hancock Centre in Chicago using as much steel as is normally needed for a traditional 40story building. Bundled tube. With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings the framed tube or the columndiagonal truss tube may be used in a bundled form to create larger tube envelopes while maintaining high efficiency. The 110story Sears Roebuck Headquarters Building in Chicago has nine tube bundled at the base of the building in three rows. Some of these individual tubes terminate at different heights of the building demonstrating the unlimitedarchitectural possibilities of this latest structural concept. The Sears tower at a height of 1450ft442m is the world’s tallest building Stressedskin tube system. The tube structural system was developed for improving. The resistance to lateral forces wind and earthquake and the control of drift lateral building movement in highrise building. The stressedskin tube takes the tube system a step further. The development of the stressedskin tube utilizes the faade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in highrise buildings and resulting in costeffective columnfree interior space with a high ratioof to gross floor area. Because of the contribution of the stressedskin faade the framed members of the tuberequire less mass and are thus lighter and less expensi