【正文】 （英語(yǔ)）高一英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)及其解題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類(lèi)1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A new study from brain researchers helps explain how the human brain evolved or changed over time, to permit people to speak and write. Michael Ullman, the lead researcher, a professor at Georgetown University Medical School in Washington, , has been studying language learning for more than 20 years. Ullman says his research shows that the human brain does not have a special area or system for making language. Over time we have simply reused or coopted (指派) parts of our brain for language. And those parts, he says, are ancientolder even than humans themselves. This study examines the theoretical framework (準(zhǔn)則) that language is learned, stored and39。 processed in two ancient learning and memory systems in the brain. Ullman, Hamrick and the rest of the team looked at data from 16 other studies on language. They found that people learn language using two memory systems: declarative and procedural. Memorizing vocabulary, for example, is a declarative memory process. But learning grammar is, mostly, a procedural memory process. Declarative memory, in humans at least, is what we think of as learning memory39。, such as, 39。Oh, remember what you said last night39。 or things like that. And procedural motor memory is what we often call motor memory39。 such as how you learn to ride a bicycle. Or, Ullman adds, These procedural memory skills bee so deeply leaned that we are no longer aware that we are doing them. However, Ullman explains that the two longterm memory systems can share tasks. And, he adds, the adult brain uses the systems to learn language a bit differently than a child39。s brain. Adult language learners of a second language may use their declarative memory for using grammar patterns. They think about it purposefully. For a child, the grammar may e more naturally. They don39。t have to think about the grammar rules before speaking. In addition to language learners, Ullman39。s study could help people who have a brain injury that affects speaking and writing. This knowledge can also help those who have learning disabilities such as dyslexia (閱讀障礙). People with dyslexia have difficulty recognizing words and symbols accurately.（1）How did Ullman study human39。s memory systems? A.By examining the brain with his team.B.By studying language learning over years.C.By paring different languages year after year.D.By referring to data from other studies on language.（2）Which of the following is an example of motor memory? A.Learning to make a model plane.B.Remembering the grammar patternsC.Repeating what you heard.D.Memorizing what you read.（3）What does the underlined word it refer to? A.Declarative memory.B.An adult language learner.C.Using grammar patterns.D.A second language.（4）What39。s the main idea of the text? A.Ullman has advanced our language understanding.B.A new research helps people learn a new language.C.Learning memory is more active than motor memory.D.Human beings learn language in pre human area of brain.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述Michael Ullman和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究稱(chēng)人類(lèi)大腦前區(qū)的為語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)，由此解開(kāi)了人類(lèi)大腦進(jìn)化過(guò)程之謎。在最古老的大腦學(xué)習(xí)記憶區(qū)域，陳述性記憶和運(yùn)動(dòng)記憶分工合作，來(lái)完成語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Ullman, Hamrick and the rest of the team looked at data from 16 other studies on language.”可知，該團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)研究其他語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的成果，得出的結(jié)論，故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段中的And procedural motor memory is what we often call motor memory39。 such as how you learn to ride a bicycle.可知，程序性運(yùn)動(dòng)記憶就是我們常說(shuō)的運(yùn)動(dòng)記憶，比如學(xué)習(xí)騎自行車(chē)等技能，故選A。 （3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Adult language learners of a second language may use their declarative memory for using grammar patterns.可知，成年語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言時(shí)，是刻意地在使用語(yǔ)法句式。所以it是指代using grammar patterns，故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ullman says his research shows that the human brain does not have a special area or system for making language. Over time we have simply reused or coopted (指派) parts of our brain for language.”以及全文可知，人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是由大腦前區(qū)完成的，該區(qū)域早于人類(lèi)本身。所以選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Superputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to bee seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express. The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen at risk patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: I am so excited about this form of technology. Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a pletely new example in the way we manage healthcare. The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill. He found the technique forecast outes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient. Prof Young said, Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier.（1）What does the underlined phrase screen in Paragraph2 mean? A.fortB.treat