【正文】 （英語）高考英語閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)抓分精品訓(xùn)練一、高中英語閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類1．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Moscow city authorities have begun using ics (漫畫) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave. They say a 100page guide is needed to keep a positive image of the city and could help reduce tensions between natives and migrants. But critics have pointed out that foreign migrants and natives may be regarded as antagonists in the manual (手冊). Russians and migrants have repeatedly flooded in Moscow recently. Many migrants from exSoviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital39。s job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally. The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the dos and don39。ts to migrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely (例行公事) stop them to check their documents. In the manual, Russia39。s famous three warriors are meant to represent the city39。s law enforcement agencies (執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)), while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia39。s language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow39。s strict residency and employment rules, stressing that migrants could otherwise be deported (驅(qū)逐出境) or banned from entry. The manual was written primarily for illegal migrants, Alexander Kalinin, who heads the group Support for Working Migrants in Moscow, told BBC Russian. We want to raise their level of law awareness, he added. Migrant characters had initially (最初) been identified as representatives of different nationalities, but the book39。s authors later decided to drop this idea so as not to offend anyone, said Mr. Kalinin. The old conflict between Russian heroes and nonSlavic invaders is being revived, Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be difficult to understand for some migrants who were not native Russian speakers.（1）The underlined word antagonists in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by ________. A.friendsB.acquaintancesC.cooperatorsD.opponents（2）People from other countries e to Moscow ________. A.to find wellpaid jobsB.to have a new lifestyleC.to enjoy the fine climateD.to experience a new culture（3）The third paragraph is mainly about ________. A.consequences the migrants may sufferB.the purpose of publishing the handbookC.the measures to attract foreign migrantsD.characters and their functions in Russian fairytales（4）Which of the following would be the best title of the text? A.Ways to help foreign migrants to settle in RussiaB.Characters from Russian fairy tales have new jobsC.More and more foreign migrants to work in MoscowD.Moscow fairy tale ics to help migrants behave【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了莫斯科當(dāng)局用童話人物的漫畫向移民解釋行為規(guī)范。 （1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的They say a 100page guide is needed to ‘keep a positive image’of the city and could help reduce tensions between natives and migrants.可知，他們說需要一份100頁的手冊來保持城市的積極形象，并有助于緩解當(dāng)?shù)厝撕鸵泼裰g的緊張關(guān)系，但批評(píng)人士指出，手冊中可能把外國移民和本國人視為敵手，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“敵手、對(duì)手”，故選D。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的Many migrants from exSoviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital39。s job opportunities and relatively high salaries.可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因?yàn)樗麄儽荒箍葡鄬?duì)較高的工作機(jī)會(huì)和薪水所吸引，故選A。 （3）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the ‘dos’ and ‘don39。ts’ to migrants.可知，新的俄語手冊試圖向移民解釋該做什么和不該做什么，由此可知本段主要是介紹出版新手冊的目的，故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中的Moscow city authorities have begun using ics (漫畫) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave.可知，本文介紹了莫斯科當(dāng)局用童話人物的漫畫向移民解釋行為規(guī)范，故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，段落大意和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Although not as much as in the past, grandparents are the teachers of the Navajo (納瓦霍人) youth. They make young people aware of life at an early age. The parents grant them the privilege of teaching the children, and the grandparents take great pride in raising the children or at least having a big part in raising them. Young children often stay with their grandparents for years at a time developing a close and trusting relationship. The grandparents teach the children Navajo legends and the principle of life, emphasizing both new culture trends and the preservation of traditions. The grandparents are also often the leading figures in teaching the youth the arts of weaving, caring for the livestock, using herbal medicine, and other arts and crafts. The children are taught to respect their elders, to care for them, to help them whenever they are in need, and to learn from them. Young people are urged to listen with care to the words of their elders and to keep as much wisdom as possible. Grandparents often go to social gatherings and traditional events, and the young have opportunities to learn more about their culture and traditions. I live with my grandmother for thirteen years, and she raised me in the old ways of our people. Although I was going to school, she taught me as much as she could about our traditions. She was a beautiful woman. If I had a chance, I would listen again to her wise teachings, expressed with kindness in a soft voice that touched my heart. We used to plant corn and pumpkin every summer. They never grew big enough to feed us, but we planted them anyway. I asked my grandmother why. She said, Grandson, our plants wil