【正文】 . 2 國內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀 .......................................................................................................... 2 國外現(xiàn)狀 .......................................................................................................... 2 課題研究的主要工作 ................................................................................................. 3 2 電動(dòng)機(jī)的調(diào)速原理及方法 .................................................................................................... 4 異進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的簡介與分類 ......................................................................................... 4 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作原理 ..................................................................................... 4 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)調(diào)速 ......................................................................................................... 5 調(diào)速原理 .......................................................................................................... 5 電動(dòng)機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................... 5 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的調(diào)速方法 .......................................................................... 6 3 電動(dòng)機(jī)的閉環(huán)變頻調(diào)速原理 ................................................................................................ 9 電動(dòng)機(jī)變頻調(diào)速技術(shù) ................................................................................................. 9 變頻器 .........................................................................................................................10 變頻器的功用及原理 ......................................................................................10 變頻器容量的確定 .......................................................................................... 11 編碼器 ........................................................................................................................12 光電編碼器的介紹及分類 ..............................................................................12 光電編碼器的測量方法 ..................................................................................13 PID 控制的基本原理 .................................................................................................14 PID 控制概述 ..................................................................................................14 比例（ P）控制 ...............................................................................................15 積分（ I）控制 ...............................................................................................16 比例微分（ PD）控制環(huán)節(jié) .............................................................................16 比例積分微分（ PID）控制 ............................................................................17 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的閉環(huán)變頻調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)原理分析 ............................................18 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................19 4 編程軟件及程序設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................................20 S7300的簡介 ...........................................................................................................20 系統(tǒng)組成 .........................................................................................................20 功能及通訊 .....................................................................................................21 編程軟件簡介 ............................................................................................................22 項(xiàng)目的組建與硬件組態(tài) .................................................................................22 程序編寫 .........................................................................................................24 程序流程圖 .....................................................................................................25 程序設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................................26 5 組態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)及系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控 ...........................................................................................................29 組態(tài)設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................................29 新建工程 .........................................................................................................29 創(chuàng)建組態(tài)畫面 .................................................................................................30 變量連接 .........................................................................................................31 系統(tǒng)組態(tài)監(jiān)控實(shí)現(xiàn) ....................................................................................................34 結(jié)論 ............................................................................................................................35 結(jié)束語 .......................................................................................................................................37 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................................38 致 謝 .........................................................................................................................................39 三相異步電機(jī)調(diào)速閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) I 摘 要 電機(jī)廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)控制的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，因此如何更經(jīng)濟(jì)有效地控制電機(jī)對于工業(yè)自動(dòng)化地發(fā)展尤為重要，直流電機(jī)的特點(diǎn)是調(diào) 速簡單但制造昂貴且噪音大，而交流電機(jī)雖然克服了直流電機(jī)的上述缺點(diǎn)但調(diào)速較為困難，但隨著交流變頻技術(shù)的發(fā)展，通過變頻器來改變交流電的頻率，從而改變交流電機(jī)的調(diào)速，本課題就是主要通過 PLC 控制變頻器實(shí)現(xiàn)對電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的控制，編碼器做信號反饋，即實(shí)現(xiàn)閉環(huán)控制，這樣實(shí)時(shí)地反饋電機(jī)的當(dāng)前轉(zhuǎn)速送給 PLC 進(jìn)行運(yùn)算處理，使得對電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的控制更加精確，反應(yīng)實(shí)時(shí)性更高，通過系統(tǒng)的組態(tài)仿真我們可以清晰的看到該控制系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)越性。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 三相異步電機(jī) ，編碼器，西門子變頻器， S7300 三相異步電機(jī)調(diào)速閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) II Abstract Motor is widely used in industrial control each domain, therefore how more economy effectively control motor for industrial automation development particularly important, dc motor speed the characteristics of simple but manufacturing is expensive and noise, and ac motor although overcame dc motor of the abovementioned drawba