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20xx年醫(yī)學(xué)專題—第5章--細(xì)菌的遺傳與變異-文庫吧

2025-11-02 00:28 本頁面


【正文】 ility plasmid) ② 耐藥質(zhì)粒(drugresistance plasmid ③ 毒力質(zhì)粒/Vi質(zhì)粒(virulence plasmid) ④ 細(xì)菌素質(zhì)粒(bactericin plamid) ⑤ 代謝質(zhì)粒(metabolism),第十二頁,共六十二頁。,2.Plasmid的特點(diǎn) ①具有自我復(fù)制的能力:可以存在多copy,與replication of chromosome同步的稱為緊密型,不相關(guān)者稱為松弛型; ②編碼某些特定的遺傳性狀:如sex pilus (Fertility plasmid)、細(xì)菌素、毒素和耐藥性等; ③可自行丟失與消除:不是細(xì)菌生長所必需; ④轉(zhuǎn)移性:可通過(tōnggu242。)轉(zhuǎn)化、接合和轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)等作用進(jìn)行細(xì)菌間傳遞; ⑤質(zhì)粒的相容性和不相容性:幾種不同plasmid同時共存于一個細(xì)菌內(nèi)成為相容性compatibility;反之,稱為incompatibility。,第十三頁,共六十二頁。, 轉(zhuǎn)座因子(transposable element): 1)IS (insertion sequence): 750~1550 bp 兩端重復(fù)序列,與插入有關(guān) 中心序列有轉(zhuǎn)位(zhuǎn w232。i)酶基因,第十四頁,共六十二頁。,2)Tn (transposon): 2000~25000 bp 兩端為IS 中心序列有與轉(zhuǎn)位無關(guān)(wguān)基因 如:毒素基因、耐藥基因等,第十五頁,共六十二頁。,Transposable Genetic Elements,Definition: Segments of DNA that are able to move from one location to another Properties “Random” movement Not capable of self replication (not a replicon) Transposition(移位(y237。 w232。i)) mediated by sitespecific recombination Transposase Transposition may be accompanied by duplication,第十六頁,共六十二頁。,Types of Transposable Genetic Elements,Insertion sequences (IS) Definition: Elements that carry no other genes except those involved in transposition Nomenclature (命名(m236。ng m237。ng)法) IS1 Structure,Importance Mutation Plasmid insertion Phase variation,第十七頁,共六十二頁。,Types of Transposable Genetic Elements,Transposons (Tn) Definition: Elements that carry other genes except those involved in transposition Nomenclature(命名(m236。ng m237。ng)法) Tn10 Structure Composite(復(fù)合的) Tns,Importance Antibiotic resistance,第十八頁,共六十二頁。,常見(ch225。nɡ ji224。n)的插入序列和轉(zhuǎn)座子,IS bp Tn 耐藥或毒素(d s249。)基因,IS1 768 Tn1 AP(氨芐青霉素),IS2 1327 Tn6 Kan(卡那霉素),IS3 1300 Tn10 Tet(四環(huán)素),IS4 1426 Tn551 Em(紅霉
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