【正文】 ne , to do , doing。當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的變化形式，如：現(xiàn)在分詞 doing : 有being done（被動式）。having done（完成式）。having been do ne（完成被動式）不定式to do : 有to be done（被動式）。to have done（完成式）。to be doing（進行式）動名詞doing : 有having done（完成式）。being done（被動式）。非謂語動詞的特點： 三種非謂語動詞都具有動詞的特征，雖然它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時跟賓語。它們都有各自的特征：分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征；動名詞具有名詞的特征；不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。具體來講：分詞在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或補足語等；動名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語等；不定式在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、補足語或狀語。下面分別對三種非謂語動詞進行講解： 一．動詞不定式先看幾個例句，判斷不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is ． His wish is to be a ．Tom wanted to have a cup of ．The teacher told us to do morning ．I have nothing to ．They went to see their ．It’s easy to see their ．I don’t know what to do ．I heard them make a ：1．動詞不定式作主語, ,4．動詞不定式作賓語補足語，5．動詞不定式作定語,6．動詞不定式作目的狀語,7．動詞不定式作真正主語，it 代替動詞不定式，作形式主語。8．帶有連接代詞的動詞不定式作賓語,9．不帶to 的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。掌握動詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：1． “to” 是不定式符號還是介詞，下列短語中的to 都是介詞。agree to object to close to , e to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to2． 帶to 還是不帶toI have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom.）3． 動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for 作為標記的。’s necessary for you to study ’s foolish of him to do 連用的形容詞有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作賓語的動詞有：want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect ，而要用it做形式賓語。例如：通常不說We think to obey the laws is think it important to obey the ．不定式的省略。下列短語中，如果意義明確，常常省略到to。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定語，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系： 1）動賓關(guān)系：He has a lot of meeting to lend me something to write is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on is no time to think(about).2）主謂關(guān)系：She is always the last(person)to speak at the ’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(邏輯主語是I)Thank I have no letters to be posted now(邏輯主語不是I)7．不定式作狀語，可以有以下幾種意義： 1）原因He is lucky to get here on ：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2)目的He came to help me with my )結(jié)果I hurried to get there only to find him book is too hard for the boy to is old enough to go to I saw him play in the street just 的不定式作補足語的動詞有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動式時，不定式要帶to , 如：He was seen to play in the street just ．動名詞Learning English is very 。His job is driving a 。I enjoy 。I have got used to living in the 。Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall ，你很快就會入睡。注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will ．It’s no use talking with ’s no good speaking to them like ．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下單詞替換: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下幾個問題：1．下列動詞后跟不定式與跟動名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別，forget to do … 忘記要做某事 forget doing… 忘記做了某事 remember to do…記住要做某事 remember doing …記著做了某事 mean to do …有意要做某事 mean doing …意味著做了某事 regret to do … 對要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 對做過去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …盡力去做某事 try doing試著做某事 learn to do …學(xué)著去做某事 learn doing …學(xué)會做某事stop to do …停下來去做（另一件事）stop doing …停止做某事 go on to do …接著做（另外一件事）go on doing … 繼續(xù)做某事 used to do …過去做某事 be used to doing …習(xí)慣做某事2．動名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語意義有區(qū)別 動名詞作定語表達n+ for doing 的含義現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達 n+which(who)be doing的含義 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是動名詞，后者是現(xiàn)在分詞又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 動名詞的邏輯主語：動名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。例如：His ing made us very ．動名詞的語態(tài)和時態(tài)5． 動名詞主動形式表被動的情況：need doing , want doing , require doing例如： This room needs 。6．只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , plete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分詞 The story is ’m interested in ，我對這個故事感興趣。 is a moving 。 secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the ，為主席準備一篇長篇演講稿。 more time , I’ll do it ，我會做的更好。When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the ，看到小偷正從銀行偷錢。應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：1．現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has bee a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has bee a is a developing country and America is a developed ．分詞作表語 The news sounds got very ）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別： The news is is interested in he news 作表語，主語與表語是主謂關(guān)系 ；done 作表語，主語與表語是動賓關(guān)系。2）表語與被動式的區(qū)別：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（強調(diào)動作）The blackboard is ’d better have it repaired.（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）3）常作表語的過去分詞：amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done3．現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞 現(xiàn)在進行時的區(qū)別The situation in our country is encouraging.(表語)The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(現(xiàn)在進行時)My job is looking after the little baby.(動名詞)能回答howquestion 的是現(xiàn)在分詞，能回答whatquestion 的動名詞，即不能回答howquestion 也不能回答whatquestion 的是現(xiàn)在進行時。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is is your job ? My job is looking after the little ．注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)：have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something do