【正文】 rea with much higher densities, on average, within the central area of cities. The Canadian city is better served by and more dependent on mass transportation than is the United States city. This dependence gives form and structure to the Canadian central city, qualities now lost in the sprawling United States metropolis, whose residents view the central district as increasingly less central to their lives. Since Canadian metropolitan areas have only one quarter the number of kilometers of superhighways per capita as United States metropolitan areas and at least as much resistance to constructing more suburbanization of peoples and functions is less extensive north of the border than south. It is likely to remain that way. Besides these physical differences, Canadian United States contrasts are also apparent in their cities39。 social structures. While cities in both countries are ethnically diverseCanadian munities, in fact, have the higher proportion of immigrants in the United States there are pronounced economic contrasts between central city and suburban residents. That is, there has been much less “flight to the suburbs” by middleine Canadians. As a result, the Canadian city shows greater social stability, employment opportunities, and urban amenities than its United States counterpart. In particular, it does not have the rivalry from well defined petitive “outer cities” of suburbia that so spread and fragment United States metropolitan plexes. 12. What does the passage mainly discuss? Features that characterize the typical North American city The development of suburbs in North America Major differences between 5 United States and Canadian cities Population migration toward newer cities 13. What does the author mean by referring to the truly North American city as more a myth than a reality? Commonly studied histories of cities in North America distort reality. Cities in Canada and the United States exhibit cultural similarities. There is no city that can be considered representative of all North American cities. Eastern and western cities display greater differences than the differences between Canadian and United States cities. 14. According to paragraph 2, which of the following statements about the typical Canadian city is true? Canadian cities are spread out over a large area. Canadian cities vary little in size. People and functions in Canadian cities are centrally concentrated. Canadian cities have taller buildings than other countries. 15. The phrase the rule in the passage is closest in meaning to spacious practical wellbuilt usual 6 16. It can be inferred from the passage that Canadian cities are marked by narrow streets open spaces an absence of skyscrapers a coherent central area 17. The word apparent in the passage is closest in meaning to unique obvious decreasing dependent 18. The word pronounced in the passage is closest in meaning to strong recent divisive growing 19. It can be inferred from the passage that, when pared to their Canadian counterparts, middleine people in the United States tend to move away from city centers more frequently represent a greater range of ine prefer living closer to urban amenities dominate the older eastern cities 20. The word it in the passage refers to flight to the suburbs Canadian city social stability United States counterpart 21. The word fragment in the passage is closest in meaning to 7 hold down break up characterize distinguish 22. Which of the following does the author mention as a similarity between Canadian and United States cities? The size of the land area The quality of mass transportation The density of buildings in city centers The resistance to constructing new roadways The 192039。s saw major developments in popular music in the United States. Some of the most important were technological: the establishment of mercial radio stations and the development of the publicaddress system, the sound track for film, and the electrical recording process used for producing phonograph records. All used the microphone and the sound amplifier, with significant impact on the nature of orchestration and popular vocal style, and consequently on the ideas of performers, arrangers, and even songwriters. All tended to broaden the audience for popular musicin a sense to nationalize itbut at the same time they tended to make it a more passive one, an audience of listeners rather than participants. This process tended to heighten the importance of professionalism and sophistication among both performers and arrangers。 it also tended to increase mercialism in the transmission (the “distribution”) of popular music to its audience. Thus, the era of the American popular music industry was bornan inevitable result of the electronic age39。s “mass media” (though the term was not yet coined). New York City was the center of the popular music industry during the 192039。s: it had Broadway and Schuber