【正文】 is colder here than in Shanghai． 3．In some places you may borrow many books as you want．（NMET 39。94）這是一個(gè)包含“as．．．a(chǎn)s”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，句中只有后一個(gè)as，前一個(gè)遺漏了，所以應(yīng)在 many前加上as。三、見有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對比等句子結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有行文邏輯不一致病。1．I like singing，my brother likes dancing．漢語中有時(shí)不需要連詞，講完一個(gè)分句接下去講另一個(gè)分句。英語中連詞使用比漢語廣泛得多。該句應(yīng)在后一個(gè)分句前加 while，表示對比。2．A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy，and he ran away． 男孩跑開了，是因?yàn)榇蚱屏巳思业拇白?，而受到喝斥，按邏輯，上下文?gòu)成因果關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)把后一個(gè)and改為so。3．Mr Lee39。s pany publishes books and he buys books all over the world． 前后敘述事實(shí)矛盾，不合邏輯，應(yīng)把buys改為sells。四、見有多重句，查是否患有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)混亂，引導(dǎo)詞不當(dāng)，成分缺失病。1．I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and is really great to see most of my old friends again． 該句后一個(gè)分句與前一個(gè)分句時(shí)態(tài)和人稱不一致，應(yīng)把is改為was。2．Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her． 句法成分多余或缺少?？梢栽趇s前加 who或去掉is。3．And whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard，the librarian will write to you．whether改為if。whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，作“是否”解，有時(shí)可換用if，這里是條件狀語從句，只用if。4．He lives in Beijing，where is the capital of China．在這個(gè)非限制性定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞要作主語，所以應(yīng)把關(guān)系副詞where改為關(guān)系代詞which。5．He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there．該句錯(cuò)在連詞重復(fù)使用。immediately在這里是連詞，與as soon as同義，引導(dǎo)后面的從句，所以應(yīng)去掉一個(gè)連詞。五、見有特殊疑問句，查是否患有疑問詞使用不當(dāng)病。1．—How much was the price of your car？—I bought the car at a cheap price，only 2，000 dollars． 英語中問價(jià)格（price），常以what提問，以 high或low回答。所以該句中How much應(yīng)改為What，cheap改為low。只有在敘述某物的價(jià)值時(shí)，才用cheap或expensive。如：The car is cheap． 2．China39。s population is more than any other countries39。in the world． 問population也不用how much ／many，而要用what，回答時(shí)用large或big，little。所以文中的more應(yīng)改為larger。另外，address，weight，phone number等，也要用what提問。六、見有名詞和代詞，查是否患有數(shù)、格、指代不一致病。1．Different people speak different language．這里是名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致，應(yīng)該把 language改為languages。2．Some people read the books or watch television．While others have sports． 句中books前多一定冠詞the。books在該句中為泛指，而不是特指哪些書。3．What a lovely weather we are having today！去掉a，weather是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞a。七、見有并列主語，從句作主語，不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語動詞作主語，時(shí)間、距離、金錢作主語，together with等引導(dǎo)的成分修飾主語等，查是否患有主語不一致病。1．Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit．（NMET 39。98）but also后面的分句的主語是動名詞 playing football，承前省略了，所以give改為 gives，與前一個(gè)分句的謂語makes一致。2．She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English． are改為is，使主謂保持一致。with，together with，as well as，but，besides，including等起連接作用的詞引導(dǎo)的部分只對主語起修飾作用，不視作主語。3．About 2，000 dollars have been spent in buying new dress for his beautiful wife this year． have改為has，“about 2，000 dollars”作為“一筆錢”常視作一個(gè)整體，謂語用單數(shù)。八、見有短語、詞組，查是否患有固定結(jié)構(gòu)中副詞、介詞或冠詞使用不當(dāng)病。1．Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd． 去掉a，“看見”的固定短語是“catch sight of”。2．When he came back，he found someone had broken in his house． 把in改為into，“break into”是固定搭配，為“破門而入”之意。九、見有特殊動詞，查是否患有非謂語動詞或虛擬語氣使用不當(dāng)病。1．He made me to post a letter for him． 去掉to。在make，have，feel，let及感官動詞后的復(fù)合賓語中，用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。（但變成被動語態(tài)后，主語補(bǔ)足語要用帶to的不定式）2．Don39。t forget taking your umbrella when you leave here． taking改為to take。forget，remember，regret等詞后跟動名詞時(shí)，動名詞所表示的動作先于謂語動作；后跟不定式，表示“要去做……”。3．I suggested to go there with him after work． to go改為going。suggest及在中學(xué)課本中常見的advise，finish，mind，enjoy，require，practise，consider，miss，avoid，admit，delay，imagine，risk，keep，escape，resist等動詞，要接動名詞作賓語。4．He ordered that the work must be started at once． 去掉must，或改為should。order及demand，require，request，insist，propose，advise，suggest等動詞后的賓語從句，常用虛擬語氣“should ＋原形動詞”作謂語，should可以省略。十、見有非謂語動詞作狀語，查是否患有邏輯主語或邏輯賓語使用不當(dāng)病。1．If it heated，water can be changed into steam．顯然句中的條件狀語是從一個(gè)If引導(dǎo)的從句簡化而來，這種“連詞＋非謂語動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語動詞的邏輯主語就是句子主語。所以這里it是多余的，應(yīng)去掉。又如：When hearing the news，he burst into tears．hearing前也不再加he。2．The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it．該句型中不定式“to carry”邏輯上的賓語就是句子的主語，所以句中代詞it重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。第三篇：短文改錯(cuò)短文改錯(cuò)高考英語短文改錯(cuò)題要求考生判斷一篇短文中十行(自1995年以來)文字是否有錯(cuò)，如果有錯(cuò)誤就將其改正。此題型旨在測試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷并改正短文中錯(cuò)誤的能力，以及考查考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞法、句法、行文邏輯等的綜合能力。本題型側(cè)重考查考生的詞匯和語法基礎(chǔ)知識，但并不是單純的知識檢測，而是考查考生在閱讀的過程中運(yùn)用語法知識解決實(shí)際問題的能力?？v觀近幾年高考短文改錯(cuò)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其設(shè)題方式比較固定：正確為1個(gè)，多詞或缺詞共計(jì)3個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞為6個(gè)，其比例為1：3:6。下面引用近幾年的高考題來分析一下此題的三種錯(cuò)誤類型：多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞。一、多詞(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可數(shù)名詞，且catch sight of是固定搭配，意為“看見”。(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】，am為不可數(shù)名詞，泛指時(shí)前面不用冠詞。【知識拓寬】(1)不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞。Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food，and?(2)與by連用的交通工具及air，land，sea等名詞前不用冠詞。by bike騎自行車，by sea由海路，乘船(3)有些名詞(如school，class，hospital，church，prison，bed，table，town等)與相應(yīng)介詞連用，表示進(jìn)行和這些詞直接相關(guān)的活動時(shí)，前不用冠詞。___ _去上學(xué)，_______坐牢，_______在吃飯(4)球類運(yùn)動、棋類游戲前，不用冠詞。___ _打籃球，_______下棋(5)mo。t副詞作“非?！苯鈺r(shí)，前面不用定冠詞the。She is most 。(6)?；騮hough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，前置的單數(shù)名詞前不用任何冠詞。Child as he is,he knows a ，知道的卻很多。(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l39。m really sorry that l won39。t be able to e inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作時(shí)間狀語的名詞短語前多了介詞。(4)?but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意為“談到??”，是及物動詞短語，后須接介詞賓語，但根據(jù)本句語境，此處不必接賓語，故去掉about。【知識拓寬】(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名詞詞組直接充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，前面不用介詞。(2)有些動詞在漢語中是不及物動詞，在英語中卻是及物動詞，由于受漢語影響，可能多一個(gè)介詞。serve f