【正文】 power was replaced by mechanical ：蒸汽機(jī)發(fā)明的結(jié)果是機(jī)械力代替了人力。The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less ：滾動(dòng)軸承的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它產(chǎn)生的摩擦力較小。二、幾種常見(jiàn)句型(this)is why?句型中，如果選擇先譯主句，后譯從句，可以譯成這就是為什么?，這就是為什么?的原因，這就是?的緣故等。如果選擇先譯從句，再譯主句，一般可以譯為?原因就在這里，?理由就在這里等。如：That is why heat can melt ice, vaporize water and cause bodies to ：這就是為什么熱能使冰融化，使水蒸發(fā)，使物體膨脹的原因。That is why practice is the criterion of truth and whythe standard of practice should be first and fundamental in the theory of ：原句表語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)，所以此處采用了緊縮原則。參考譯文：所謂實(shí)踐是真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所謂實(shí)踐的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)該是認(rèn)識(shí)論的首先的和基本的觀點(diǎn)，理由就在這個(gè)地方。(it)is because?句型中，一般先譯主句，再譯從句，譯成是因?yàn)?，這是因?yàn)?的緣故，這是由于?的緣故。如：This is because the direct current flows in a wire always in one ：這是由于直流電在導(dǎo)線中總沿著一個(gè)方向流動(dòng)的緣故。It is because a conductor carrying is surrounded by a magnetic ：這就是因?yàn)檩d流導(dǎo)體周圍有一磁場(chǎng)。在this is what?句型中，如果先譯主句，后譯從句，通常譯為這就是?的內(nèi)容，這就是?的含意等。如果先譯從句，后譯主句，通常譯為?就是這個(gè)道理，?就是這個(gè)意思等。如：This is what we have discussed in this ：如表語(yǔ)不長(zhǎng)，則可譯成這就是?的內(nèi)容等。參考譯文：這就是我們?cè)诒疚闹兴懻摰膬?nèi)容。賓語(yǔ)從句翻譯方法賓語(yǔ)從句可以分為兩種：一種是動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；另一種是介詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。一、動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句翻譯時(shí)，順序一般不變。如：Manure supplies what is deficient in the ：肥料供給土壤所缺乏的成分。二、介詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句介詞賓語(yǔ)從句前面的介詞可能和動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞有關(guān)。翻譯時(shí)，順序一般不變。如：Men differ from brutes in that they can think and ：in之后如果跟有賓語(yǔ)從句，常?？勺g成原因狀語(yǔ)從句，用因?yàn)?，在于?，是因?yàn)?等詞譯出。參考譯文：人與獸的區(qū)別，就在于人有思維而且會(huì)說(shuō)話。The lift ponent is not vertical except when the relative wind is ：英語(yǔ)中的介詞except, but, besides等之后如果跟有賓語(yǔ)從句，常常可譯為并列句的分句，用除?之外，除了?，此外?，只是?，但?等詞譯出。參考譯文：除了相對(duì)風(fēng)是水平的情況之外，升力不是垂直的。三、直接引語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)從句翻譯時(shí)引號(hào)保留，把逗號(hào)一律改為冒號(hào)。如：The student asked the teacher，how many one cubic foot of air weighs under normal conditions？參考譯文：這個(gè)學(xué)生問(wèn)老師：一立方英尺空氣有多重？從句翻譯The law of conservation and transformation of energy states that energy is indestructible and the total amount of energy in the universe is ：以that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句為普遍真理及一般規(guī)律時(shí)，或是某一規(guī)律及定義所闡述的內(nèi)容時(shí)，有時(shí)也可以在句首加冒號(hào)譯出。參考譯文：能量守恒和轉(zhuǎn)換定律說(shuō)明：能量是不滅的，宇宙間能量的總量和是不變的。1。主語(yǔ)：就是一個(gè)句子陳述的對(duì)象，或是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。它回答的是“誰(shuí)”“什么”的問(wèn)題。如：我看書(shū)。誰(shuí)看書(shū)？“我”?！拔摇本褪沁@句子的主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞充當(dāng)。（如動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞，代詞都可作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句）2。謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，干什么，怎么樣。它回答的是主語(yǔ)“干什么，是什么”的問(wèn)題。如上句中主語(yǔ)“我”干什么？“看書(shū)”?！翱磿?shū)”就是謂語(yǔ)。一個(gè)句子，一般都可分成主、謂兩大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再細(xì)分又可分成謂語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞）、賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（包括賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ)），定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)等。如第一例中謂語(yǔ)部分可劃分成謂語(yǔ)（看）和賓語(yǔ)（書(shū)）。謂語(yǔ)部分中心詞一定要是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，要么是行為動(dòng)詞，要么是系動(dòng)詞，不同的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同的句子類型。句子的各種時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化都在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上變3。賓語(yǔ)。指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，由名、代、數(shù)，賓語(yǔ)從句等相當(dāng)于名詞的詞句充當(dāng)，但人稱代詞要用賓格。如：還說(shuō)上例。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“看”，看什么？看“書(shū)”，“書(shū)”是動(dòng)詞“看”所涉及的對(duì)象，是“看”的賓語(yǔ)。需要說(shuō)明的是：只有及物動(dòng)詞和介詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的短語(yǔ)才可帶賓語(yǔ)。4。表語(yǔ)。是和系動(dòng)詞緊密相連的。在陳述句中系動(dòng)詞后面的就是表語(yǔ)，這就是“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。作表語(yǔ)的也是名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。5。定語(yǔ)：修飾限定名字、代詞的詞，說(shuō)明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征等，如 a tall boy 中，tall修飾boy,tall是boy的定語(yǔ)?？勺鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)的有形容詞、名詞、副詞、定語(yǔ)從句、分詞等。不定代詞的定語(yǔ)一律后置。6。狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。如：他在燈下看書(shū)?！霸跓粝隆笔菭钫Z(yǔ)。7。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的成份,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的叫主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)叫賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：他把我逗笑了。He made me ：he。謂語(yǔ)：made。賓語(yǔ)：me。賓補(bǔ)：，這可以把它和其它成份區(qū)分開(kāi)。如：上句賓語(yǔ)me和賓補(bǔ)laugh之間，laugh的動(dòng)作是me來(lái)做的。這就是一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。把這兩部分單拿出來(lái)可以成一句完整的話，即I laughed, 英語(yǔ)從句的翻譯 定語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句名詞從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句）定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯* 無(wú)論是限制性定語(yǔ)從句還是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)是處理為前置定語(yǔ)還是后置定語(yǔ)，要視具體情況而定；有些定語(yǔ)從句和主句存在著狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系，翻譯時(shí)更要靈活對(duì)待。* It was what sentimentalists, who deal in very big words, call a yearning after the ideal, and simply means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children on whom they may center affections, which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small changes.* It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after the ideal, and means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children.* 大意是說(shuō)：這就是情感主義者稱之為對(duì)于理想愛(ài)情的渴望，簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)來(lái)，就是女人必須在有了丈夫和孩子之后才能感到滿足。* who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句who deal in very big words 用來(lái)修飾sentimentalists(情感主義者)從句翻譯* whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句on whom they may center affections用來(lái)修飾husbands and children * which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small changes用來(lái)修飾affections * 一般情感主義者喜歡用大字眼，稱之為對(duì)于理想愛(ài)情的渴望。換言之，他們認(rèn)為女人的情感平時(shí)只能零星發(fā)泄，必須有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起來(lái)有了歸宿，自己才能得到滿足。前置法：* 如果定語(yǔ)從句較短，限制能力較強(qiáng)，一般我們將此類定語(yǔ)從句譯成帶“的”的定語(yǔ)詞組，放在被修飾的先行詞的前面。* Those who sacrifice themselves for the people’s cause are the real heroes of history.* We found a restaurant where the food was excellent.* There are other techniques that might help you with your English studying.* 那些為了人們的事業(yè)而犧牲自己的人是真正的歷史英雄。* 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一家菜肴非常好的餐館。* 還有另外一些能幫你學(xué)英語(yǔ)的方法。后置法：* 如果定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。譯成前置的定語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)顯得太長(zhǎng)而不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)，我們往往把定語(yǔ)從句與主句分譯，譯成后置的并列分句。* Christmas music is loved by all who hear and sing it everywhere.* I know a lot of students who want to be teachers in the future.* They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.* 圣誕樂(lè)曲為大家所喜愛(ài)，人們每年都在欣賞和演唱。* 我認(rèn)識(shí)很多學(xué)生，他們都想將來(lái)做老師。* 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是買個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛(ài)的，而且過(guò)去許多中國(guó)人為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。* He gave me a book which I kept to this day.* Stratford is the native place of Shakespeare that I have longed for.* He received a letter that announced the death of his father.* Our records show that a large group of young people, about 95% of them boys, are puter freaks who live for nothing but the machine * 他曾送我一本書(shū)，我保存至今。* 斯特拉特福德是莎士比亞的故鄉(xiāng)，是我向往的地方。* 他收到一封信，說(shuō)他父親去世了。* 我們的記錄表明，很多年輕人，其中95%是男孩，成了電腦迷。電腦成了生活的唯一。溶合法：* 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)部分所給信息與被修飾詞關(guān)系緊密、必不可少時(shí)，可將原來(lái)的語(yǔ)序打亂，用自己的話將原句中的主句與定語(yǔ)從句重新組織，譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。* There is a man down stairs who wants to see you.* Thousands of red, beautiful roses that blossom almost at the same time make the park the great resort of people in spring.* 樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。* 春天，公園里成千上萬(wàn)朵嬌艷的紅玫瑰幾乎同時(shí)盛開(kāi)，讓人流連忘返。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句* He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didn’t like his brother, who was aloof and * It seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other * Metals are very strong and can be made into any required shapes, which makes it possible to be widely used in industry.* All the while, George Bush, who ultimately benefit from the try that failed, sat silently by, a nearly forgotten spectator.* Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area。* He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.* The man had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these flowers, which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet.* World War II was, however, more plex than Wor