【正文】 to predict the energy transfer that may take place between material bodies as a result of a temperature :Thermodynamics teaches that this energy transfer is defined as science of heat transfer seeks not merely to explain how heat energy may be transferred ,but also to predict the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain specified fact that a heattransfer rate is the desired objective of an analysis points out the difference between heat transfer and deals with systems in equilibrium。it may be used to predict the amount of energy required to change a system from one equilibrium state to another。it may not be used to predict how fast a change will take place since the system is not in equilibrium during the transfer supplements the first and second principles of thermodynamics by providing additional experimental rules which may be used to establish energytransfer in the science of thermodynamics ,the experimental rules used as a basis of the subject of heat transfer are rather simple and easily expanded to enpass a variety of practical ：To take account of the “gray” nature of such surface we introduce another factor intoEquation ,called the emissive ε:which relates the radiation of the “gray”surface to that of an ideal black must take into account the fact that not all the radiation leaving one surface will reach the other surface since electromagnic radiation travels in straight lines and some will be lost to the energy and power engineering 能量轉(zhuǎn)化energytransfer 比例常數(shù)proportionality constant 比例系數(shù)proportionality factor 活性中心active center 對流傳熱convection heat transfer 電磁輻射electromagnetic radiation 角系數(shù)view factor 準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)過程quasistatic process 準(zhǔn)平衡quasiequilibrium 靜態(tài)平衡static equilibrium 強(qiáng)度參數(shù)intensive property 廣延參數(shù)extensive property 燃燒機(jī)理bustion mechanism平均分子運(yùn)動average molecular motion 熱反應(yīng)堆thermal reactor 熱力學(xué)性質(zhì) thermodynamic property 摩爾熱容molar heat capacity 動能kinetic energy 壓縮因子pressibility factor 溫度傳感器temperature sensor 測量電路measurement circuit 電壓輸出voltage output 靜電荷electrostatic charge 勵磁電源excitation power 內(nèi)能internal energy 能量原理energy principle 能量平衡energy balance 能量守恒conservation of energy 剪切應(yīng)力shear force/stress 角速度angular velocity 速度梯度velocity gradient 溫度梯度temperature gradient 一維onedimensional 機(jī)械能mechanical energy 內(nèi)能internal energy 動能kinetic energy 勢能potential energy 凝固/硬化take a set 流體動力學(xué)fluid dynamic hydrodynamics 蒸汽發(fā)生系統(tǒng)steam generating system 輔助設(shè)備auxiliary equipment 空煤比the aircoal ratio 質(zhì)量作用定律the law of mass action 阿倫尼烏斯定律arrhennius law 活化分子active molecule 活化分子碎片active molecule fragments 活化能activation energy自由價(jià)free valency 支鏈反應(yīng)定律the law of branched chain reactions 化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式stoichiometric equation 活化中心active centres 能級energy levels 甲烷methane ch4 壓縮機(jī)pressor 冷凝器condenser 膨脹閥expansion valve 可逆reversible 絕熱adiabatic 等熵isentropic 余隙容積clearance volume 比容specific volume 壓力損失pressure loss 溶液給水溫度liquid feed temperature 體積流速the volume flow rate 液壓頭liquid head 成比例的proportional 成反比例的inversely proportional 熱力學(xué)定律principles of thermodynamics平衡溫度equilibrium temperature 相變phase change 導(dǎo)熱性thermal conductivity 傳熱系數(shù)heat transfer coefficient 強(qiáng)制對流forced convection 自然對流natural convection 外表面external surface 焓enthalpy 熵entropy 對流傳熱convection heat transfer 牛頓冷卻公式Newton law of cooling 流體物性properties of the liquid 質(zhì)量流量比mass flow ratio 電磁輻射能electromagnetic energy 熱輻射thermal radiation 凈輻射量net radiation 流體力學(xué)fluid mechanics 熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)thermodynamic property 牛頓粘性定律Newton law of vosicosity 溫熵圖temperatureentropy diagram 回轉(zhuǎn)式發(fā)動機(jī)rotary engine 汽輪機(jī)steam turbine 光化學(xué)煙霧photochemical smog 核電站nuclear power plant 流化床燃燒fluildized bed bustion 余熱鍋爐a heat recovery builer 表面積surface area強(qiáng)度量：intensive properties do not depend on mass（e,g,p,ρ,ν=1/ρ,u and h）,extensive properties depend on the total mass of the system（e,g,V,M,U,and H）.Uppercase letters are usually used for extensive ：equilibrium：states of a system are most conveniently described when the system is in equilibrium, is in we will consider process thatchange “slowly”termed quasiequilibrium or quasistatic process is quasiequilibrium if the time rate of change of the process is slow relative to the time it takes for the system to reach thermodynamic is necessary that a system be quasiequilibrium before applying many of the thermodynamics relations to that ：In simplest terms,the law of thermodynamics dictate the specific for the movement of heat ,the First Law of Therm