【正文】 he is leaving so ：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：1． 這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)： when = on(in, at, during?)+ which。where = in(at, on?)+ which。why = for ：I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he office where(=in which)he works is on the third is the chief reason why(=for which)we did ． 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was ’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last father works in a factory where radio parts are father works in a factory which/that makes radio ． when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。三．限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1．限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號與主句隔開。如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment a boy, he was always making things, most of which were ：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，在口語中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達(dá)。如：第2/6頁I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with ．兩種定語從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語從句具有涉他性，而非限制性定語從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意。試比較： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一個(gè)）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一個(gè)）4．有時(shí)，非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)整個(gè)主句（先行詞）在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he has left here, which greatly upsets ：（1）as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識性的東西，因此常譯成“就象? ?那樣”。（3）如果定語從句的內(nèi)容對主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用或當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí)，則常用which，而不用as，如：She stole her friend’s money, which was tore up my photo, which upset drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at ．在正式文體中，以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常以in which或 that 引導(dǎo)，如：The way in which you answered the questions was ，人們通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was don’t like the way(that)you laugh at ．關(guān)系詞的選擇1． 在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語，只能用who 指人，which指物；關(guān)系代詞做賓語，常用whom（口語中有時(shí)用who）指人，which指物，它們都不能用that代替。2． 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語中。如：Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?第3/6頁Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly ． 在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用which或that，二者?？梢曰Q；但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等詞時(shí)。如： All that can be done has been this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如：The first thing that should be done is to get the people talk about Hangzhou, the first that es to mind is the West Lake.(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級同時(shí)修飾時(shí)，如：Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。如：The gu