【正文】 看起來像是用骨頭做的。我不知道他們是怎樣做成針眼的……學2：（插話）你是不是說他們自己做衣服穿？他們又是從哪里得到衣料的呢？ 考：他們沒有像我們今天穿的這種衣料。你能猜出他們用的是什么嗎？學1：哇，他們穿的衣服全都是用獸皮做的嗎？他們那些衣服是怎樣做成的？我確信它們裁剪并縫起來又厚又重?？迹何覀冇凶C據(jù)表明，他們的確穿的是用獸皮制的衣服。我們不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)一些磨削其他工具用的工具?？礃幼铀麄兛赡苁怯媚ゼ獾氖鱽砬懈钜矮F并剝皮，再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后，他們可能在獸皮上擦上大量的鹽，使皮變?nèi)彳洝Ｗ詈筮M行剪裁，縫起來就成了。確實是既難又臟的活！現(xiàn)在來看看這個吧。（指著一串項鏈）考：你真聰明！有塊骨頭實際上是野獸的牙齒，貝殼是從海邊撿來的。你還認得別的骨頭嗎？ 學1：這根很像魚骨頭，對嗎？考：很對。植物學的分析結果明確地告訴我們，這兒四周曾經(jīng)是一個很．大的淺水湖。毫無疑問，當時湖里是有魚的。學3：不過，湖并不是海呀，我們離海還遠著呢168。眷客，更殼又是怎么來的呢？考：早期人類之間也許有貿(mào)易來往，或者他們也可能旅行到海邊去。我們知道，他們跟著獸群四處走。他們并不種植谷物，而是在野果熟了的時候采摘它們并捕殺野獸來充饑。這就是他們被稱之為獵人和采摘者的緣故?，F(xiàn)在，咱們?nèi)⒂^洞穴好嗎？第二篇：高中英語選修6課文逐句翻譯(人教新課標) A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西方繪畫藝術簡史Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a 。Styles in Western art have changed many 。As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short ，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進行全面的描述。Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century ,本文只談及從公元6世紀以來最主要的幾種藝術風格。The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)中世紀(公元5世紀到15世紀)During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious ,畫家的主要任務是把宗教的主題表現(xiàn)出來。A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really 。A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for (象)特征,體現(xiàn)出了對上帝的愛戴與敬重。But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic ,很顯然到了13世紀時,觀念發(fā)生變化,像喬托這樣的畫家開始以一種比較現(xiàn)實的風格來畫宗教場景。The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)文藝復興時期(15世紀到16世紀)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle ,新的思想和價值觀逐漸取代了中世紀的思想和價值觀。People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to 。At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about 、希臘的古典藝術理念上。They tried to paint people and nature as they really 。Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.,他們出價聘請著名藝術家來為自己畫像,畫自己的房屋和其他財物,以及他們的活動和成就。One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in ,最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一就是如何用透視法來畫出事物。This technique was first used by Masaccio in 。When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real ,還以為是透過墻上的小洞來觀看真實的場景,并對此深信不疑。If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic ,人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫。By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and ,它使得繪畫的色彩看上去更豐富、更深沉。Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is (繪畫)手法,我們就不能看到很多使這一時代著名的杰作。Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)印象派時期(19世紀后期到20世紀初期)In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial ,歐洲發(fā)生了巨大的變化,從以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的社會變成了以工業(yè)為主的社會。Many people moved from the countryside to the new 。There were many new inventions and social ,還有許多社會變革。Naturally, these changes also led to new painting 。Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in 。The Impressionists were the first painters to work 。They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of 。However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint ,印象派畫家們必須很快地作畫,Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier ,他們的畫就不像以前那些畫家們的畫那樣細致了。At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about ,許多人都不喜歡這種畫法,甚至還怒不可遏。They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were 、粗枝大葉,而他們的作品更是荒謬可笑。Modern Art(20th century to today)現(xiàn)代藝術(20世紀至今)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”.在印象派作品的創(chuàng)建初期,它們是存在著爭議的,但是如今己被人們接受而成為現(xiàn)在我們所說的“現(xiàn)代藝術”的始祖了。This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new 。There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not ,現(xiàn)代藝術風格有好幾十種,然而如果沒有印象派,那么這許多不同的風格就不可能存在。On the one hand, some modern art is abstract。that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent ,有些現(xiàn)代藝術是抽象的,也就是說,畫家并不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實地畫出來,而是集中展現(xiàn)物體的某些品質特性,用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現(xiàn)出來。On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like ,有些現(xiàn)代派的藝術作品卻是那么寫實,看上去就像是照片。These styles are so 。Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?誰能預言將來會有什么樣的繪畫藝術風格? 1 THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES曼哈頓藝術畫廊薈萃 The Frick Collection(5th Avenue and Street)弗里克收藏館(第5大道和第70街大道之間)Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New ,比起其他藝術館許多藝術愛好者都更樂意參觀這家小型藝術陳列館。Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American 克萊弗里克是紐約的一位富豪,于1919年去世,把他的房子、家具和藝術收藏品全部留給了美國人民。Frick had a preference for pretwentieth century Western paintings, and these are wellrepresented in this excellent ,而在這個陳列館的珍藏品里這些繪畫得以很好展出。You can also explore Frick39。s beautiful home and garden which are well worth a ,它們是很值得一看的。Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)古根海姆博物館(第5大道和第88街交匯處)This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and 、雕塑和素描。These art works are not all displayed at the same exhibition is always ,展品總是在不斷地更換。It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and PostImpressionist 。The Guggenheim Museum building is also 。When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragil